Altersbedingte Veränderungen der Niere betreffen zum einen die Nierenstruktur per
se im Sinne von interstitieller Fibrose, Verlust von funktionellem Tubulusgewebe,
Sklerosierung und Verlust von Glomeruli sowie Arterio–Arteriolosklerose, zum anderen
aber auch die Nierenfunktion, die im Rahmen des Alterungsprozesses abnimmt. Diese
altersbedingten Nierenveränderungen werden zudem durch Systemerkrankungen verstärkt,
die ebenfalls im Alter zunehmen, wie etwa die essenzielle Hypertonie oder der Diabetes
mellitus. Weiterhin ist die Regenerationskapazität bei einer akuten oder chronischen
Nierenschädigung mit zunehmendem Alter vermindert. Die erhöhte Lebenserwartung in
westlichen und Entwicklungsländern führt zu einer Zunahme der Zahl von Patienten mit
altersbedingten Nierenveränderungen. Dies hat direkte Konsequenzen für die Entstehung,
das Fortschreiten und die Behandlung akuter und chronischer Nierenschäden sowie die
Nierentransplantation, vor allem im Rahmen des ”old–for–old”–Programms. Ein besseres
Verständnis der Prozesse der Nierenalterung, insbesondere ihre Abgrenzung gegenüber
einer Nierenschädigung, ist essenziell für die Betreuung älterer Patienten.
Renal aging is associated with changes in kidney morphology, a decline in kidney function
and an increased susceptibility to renal diseases. Age–related changes of kidney morphology
comprise mainly the development of interstitial fibrosis, loss of functioning tubuli,
sclerosis and loss of glomeruli as well as arterio–arteriolosclerosis. These structural
alterations with aging are accompanied by a decrease in kidney function. These age–related
changes of the kidney were accelerated or aggravated by systemic diseases like hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, etc. which in itself increase with age. In addition, decreased
regeneration capacity of the kidney in situations of acute or chronic kidney injury
are attributed to increasing age. Thus, it is not astonishing that chronic kidney
diseases (CKD) increase with increasing age. The marked increase in life expectancy
in the Western world and the developing countries then further increase the prevalence
of CKD. Thus, it is clear that age–related renal changes directly affect the pathogenesis
and progression as well as the treatment of acute and chronic kidney injury. This
is most evident with respect to the old–for–old kidney transplantation program. Better
knowledge and understanding of kidney aging, in particular its separation from kidney
damage, is essential for treating elderly patients.
Key words
kidney - aging - morphology - renal function - regeneration - senescence
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. Kerstin Amann
Abteilung für Nephropathologie Pathologisches Institut Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg
Krankenhausstr. 12
91054 Erlangen
Email: kerstin.amann@uk-erlangen.de