Stellenwert der nicht invasiven Beatmung auf der Intensivstation

Abstract

Today noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an important therapeutic option in intensive care units. Compared to invasive ventilation, the benefits of NIV prevail in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Particularly in patients with COPD NIV is beneficial in the therapy of acute exacerbations as well as during weaning. Hypoxemic respiratory failure usually responds well to oxygen and CPAP or NIV. However, potential benefits from NIV overweight the possible hazards particularly in conditions, when a short period of mechanical ventilation can be expected (e. g. pulmonary edema due to heart failure). Furthermore NIV is generally accepted as a therapeutic option of hypoxemic respiratory failure and coexisting high-risk circumstances for invasive ventilation (i. e. patients with malignant diseases or patients on immunosupression).

A major concern – particularly in hypoxemic patients – is a possible delay in the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation due to NIV.

Literatur

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