ABSTRACT
Clinicians are well aware of family history as a risk factor for coronary artery disease
(CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). The underlying genetic architecture of CAD/MI
is extremely complex and still poorly understood. Overall, the genetic heritability
of CAD/MI is estimated to be near 40 to 60%. This proportion includes mainly genes
that regulate known risk factors (e.g., lipid metabolism) but also genes involved
in as yet unknown metabolic pathways. In the last 2 years, the systematic application
of genome-wide association studies in the setting of large collaborative consortia
including thousands of patients and controls has led to the identification of several
new loci associated with CAD/MI. Here we review current knowledge on the emerging
“top” 12 loci, that is, those showing the most consistent associations with clinical
phenotypes. Although these genetic variants have little or no current predictive value
of at the level of individual patients, they have the potential to disclose novel
biological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CAD/MI.
KEYWORDS
Coronary artery disease - myocardial infarction - single nucleotide polymorphisms
- genome-wide association - locus 9p21
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Domenico GirelliM.D. Ph.D.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University
of Verona
Policlinico G.B. Rossi 37134, Verona, Italy
Email: domenico.girelli@univr.it