Zusammenfassung
Neuropharmakologische fMRT Studien untersuchen die neuralen Effekte akut oder chronisch
verabreichter Pharmaka im gesunden und kranken menschlichen Gehirn. Dabei steht oft
die Frage nach der Modulation von Hirnaktivität im Rahmen sensorischer, motorischer
oder kognitiver Aktivität im Vordergrund. Besonders bei gesunden Probanden gibt es
mittlerweile viele neuropharmakologische fMRT Studien, die unser Verständnis der neurochemischen
Modulation verbessert haben. Beispiele aus dem dopaminergen, cholinergen und noradrenergen
System werden erläutert. Auch im Bereich der klinischen Neurowissenschaften gibt es
einige neuropharmakologische fMRT Studien, die sich mit der neurochemischen Modulation
kognitiver Funktionen bei neurologischen oder psychiatrischen Störungen beschäftigen.
Aus dem Gebiet des Schlaganfalls und der Alzheimererkrankung werden einige Arbeiten
exemplarisch dargestellt. Der letzte Abschnitt des Artikels gibt einen Überblick über
zukünftige Entwicklungen im Bereich neuropharmakologischer Bildgebungsstudien. Hier
sind insbesondere Konnektivitätsanalysen von Bedeutung, die die Effekte von Pharmaka
auf die aufgabenabhängige oder aufgabenunabhängige Kopplung von Hirnnetzwerken untersuchen.
Ein erstrebenswertes Ziel auf lange Sicht ist eine größere Fokussierung auf individuelle
Unterschiede, die eine Voraussetzung für die Verwendung neuropharmakologischer fMRT
Studien als möglicher diagnostischer Marker bilden.
Abstract
Neuropharmacological fMRI studies investigate the neural effects of acutely or chronically
administered drugs in the healthy and damaged human brain. In most studies, the focus
of research is on the modulatory role of the drug in relation to cognitively induced
brain activity. There are many neuropharmacological fMRI studies in healthy human
volunteers that have increased our understanding of the neurochemical modulation of
cognitive function. Some of these studies related to the dopaminergic, cholinergic
and noradrenergic systems are illustrated. Other neuropharmacological fMRI studies
have investigated the modulatory role of drugs in patients with neurological or psychiatric
conditions. I will illustrate some examples in the area of stroke and Alzheimer's
disease. Finally, this paper will address future developments in the area of neuropharmacological
fMRI. These include analyses of connectivity that investigate the effects of drugs
on task-related or task-unrelated coupling between neural networks. In the long run,
neuropharmacological fMRI studies should focus on the role of individual differences
in drug action because this is a prerequisite for the use of neuropharmacological
fMRI as a potential diagnostic marker.
Schlüsselwörter
Psychopharmakologie - funktionelle Bildgebung - Dopamin - Azetylcholin - Noradrenalin
- Kognition
Key words
psychopharmacology - functional imaging - dopamine - acetylcholine - noradrenaline
- cognition
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Korrespondenzadresse
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. C. M. Thiel
AG Kognitive Neurobiologie
Institut für Psychologie
Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg
26111 Oldenburg
eMail: Christiane.thiel@uni-oldenburg.de
