Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Den meisten Menschen ist es ein
zentrales Bedürfnis, in der vertrauten Umgebung und Häuslichkeit alt
zu werden. Psychische Störungen wie Demenzen und Depressionen zählen
zu den häufigsten Gründen für Heimeinweisungen im Alter. Die
vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, Geschlechtsunterschiede in Prädiktoren
von Institutionalisierung zu untersuchen. Methode Die
Datengrundlage bildet die Leipziger Langzeitstudie in der Altenbevölkerung
(LEILA 75+), eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative
Längsschnittstudie (n = 1058, 75+).
Ergebnisse Für Frauen konnten kognitive
Beeinträchtigungen sowie ein subjektiv schlechter Gesundheitszustand als
starke Prädiktoren von Institutionalisierung nachgewiesen werden,
während bei Männern Krankenhausaufenthalte innerhalb des
zurückliegenden Jahres mit vorzeitigen Heimübergängen assoziiert
waren. Für Männer gibt es außerdem Hinweise auf erhöhte
Risiken im Zusammenhang mit dem Erleben von Verlusten in den Bereichen des
sozioökonomischen Status und der Partnerschaft durch Verwitwung.
Schlussfolgerungen Geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede
haben eine hohe Relevanz bei der Entwicklung von Interventionen zur Vermeidung
bzw. Verzögerung von Heimeintritten.
Abstract
Objective Especially given the different
socialization and life conditions of men and women, it could not be assumed
that factors leading to nursing home admission (NHA) can be equally applied to
both genders. We aimed to determine gender-specific predictors of NHA.
Methods Data were derived from the Leipzig Longitudinal
Study of the Aged, a population-based study of individuals aged 75 years and
older. 1,058 older adults were interviewed six times on average every 1.4
years. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric variables were obtained.
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine predictors of NHA.
Results 10.3 % of men and
19.5 % of women (p < 0.001) were admitted to
nursing home during the study period. The mean time to nursing home was 7.2
years for men and 6.8 years for women. Characteristics associated with a
shorter time to NHA were increased age for men and women; cognitive impairment,
poor self-rated health status, and less than two specialist's visits in
the preceding 12 months for women, and being unmarried, moderate educational
status, and hospitalization in the preceding 12 months were predictors of NHA
for men. Conclusions Gender differences in prediction of
NHA do actually exist. The inclusion of gender-specific factors in design and
application of interventions to support individuals at home and delay or
prevent NHA appears to be warranted.
Schlüsselwörter
Institutionalisierung - Heimübertritt - Geschlechtsunterschiede - Prädiktoren
Keywords
institutionalization - nursing home admission - predictors - old age - elderly
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Dr. Melanie Luppa, Dipl.-Psych.
Universität Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für
Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Public Health Research Unit
Semmelweisstraße 10
04103 Leipzig
eMail: Melanie.Luppa@medizin.uni-leipzig.de