Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Das Risiko, im Laufe des Lebens an einem Mammakarzinom zu erkranken, betrifft in
Deutschland etwa jede 8.–10. Frau. An Brustkrebs erkrankte Frauen sind während der
medizinischen Behandlung, aber auch nach deren Abschluss trotz verbesserter Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
belastet. 20–56 % der Mammakarzinompatientinnen leiden an reaktiven psychischen Störungen.
Bis zu 80 % aller Brustkrebspatientinnen nutzen alternativmedizinische Angebote, z. B.
Massagetherapie, zur Mitbehandlung und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität. Für die Massagetherapie
werden neben einer schmerzreduzierenden Wirkung auch psychische Effekte postuliert.
Material und Methodik: Frauen mit der Primärdiagnose Brustkrebs wurden in eine Interventions- und eine Kontrollgruppe
randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe erhielt über 5 Wochen 2-mal wöchentlich eine
klassische Massage im Rücken- und Schulter-Nacken-Bereich. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt
keine zusätzlichen Behandlungen außer konventioneller ärztlicher Betreuung. Zur Evaluierung
der Behandlungsergebnisse wurden standardisierte Fragebögen zu Beginn der Studie (T1),
am Ende des Interventionszeitraums (T2) und 6 Wochen nach dem Ende der Intervention
(T3) eingesetzt: der SF-8, der Gießener Beschwerdefragebogen (GBB) und der Berliner
Stimmungsfragebogen (BSF). Ergebnisse: 86 Frauen (Durchschnittsalter: 59 Jahre) wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. In
der Interventionsgruppe fand sich gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe eine signifikant höhere
Schmerzreduktion sowohl am Ende der Intervention (T2) als auch 6 Wochen nach deren
Beendigung (T3). Eine Abnahme der Erschöpfung fand sich in der Interventionsgruppe
an T2 und in beiden Gruppen an T3. Die Erschöpfung unterschied sich an T3 signifikant
zwischen beiden Gruppen. In beiden Gruppen fand sich eine Abnahme des Stresserlebens.
Schlussfolgerung: Klassische Massage scheint eine effektive adjuvante Behandlung zur Reduktion von
Schmerz, Erschöpfung und Stresserleben bei Frauen mit Primärerkrankung an Brustkrebs
zu sein.
Abstract
Purpose: One woman in every eight or ten women in Germany will suffer from breast cancer at
some stage in her life. Despite enhanced treatment options, women with breast cancer
suffer stress during and after medical therapy. Between 20 and 56 % of women with
breast cancer suffer from psychosocial disturbances. Alternative medicine, for example
massage therapy, is used by up to 80 % of patients with breast cancer as a supportive
treatment and to improve their quality of life. Apart from the effect of reducing
pain, massage therapy may have a psychosocial impact. Material and Methods: Women diagnosed with primary breast cancer were randomized into an intervention group
and a control group. Over a five week period, the intervention group received bi-weekly
30-minute massages of the back and head/neck areas. The control group received no
treatment other than routine healthcare. To evaluate the efficacy of the message treatment,
the following validated questionnaires were administered at baseline (T1), at the
end of the intervention (T2), and at follow-up 6 weeks after the end of the intervention
(T3): the SF-8™, the Giessen Complaints Inventory (GBB), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire
(BSF). Results: Eighty-six eligible women (mean age: 59 years) were enrolled in the study. A significantly
higher reduction of pain was found in the intervention group compared to the control
group at T2 (p < 0.05) and at T3 (p < 0.05). A decrease in fatigue was observed in
the intervention group at T2 and in both groups at T3. The difference between both
groups was significant at follow-up. In both groups we found a decrease in stress.
Conclusion: Classic massage seems to be an effective adjuvant treatment to reduce pain, fatigue
and stress in women with early stage breast cancer.
Schlüsselwörter
Brustkrebs - Massage - Stress - Schmerz - Erschöpfung
Key words
breast cancer - massage therapy - stress - pain - fatigue
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PD Dr. med. Martina Rauchfuß
AG Frauenheilkundliche Psychosomatik
Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Luisenstraße 13a
10117 Berlin
eMail: martina.rauchfuss@charite.de
