Zusammenfassung
Das Angioödem ist eine ödematöse Schwellung tieferer
Hautschichten. Akute Angioödeme bedeuten vor allem dann
einen klinischen Notfall, wenn die obere Atem-Schluckstraße
betroffen und die Atmung der Patienten beeinträchtigt ist. Für
eine rasche und wirksame Therapie ist es notwendig, allergische
von nicht-allergischen Angioödemen zu unterscheiden. Von
den fünf Unterformen nicht-allergischer Angioödeme sind
drei durch Bradykinin vermittelt: Das durch Blocker des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems
(RAAS) induzierte Angioödem (RAE), das hereditäre
Angioödem (HAE) sowie das erworbene Angioödem
(AAE). Antihistaminika, Kortikoide und Adrenalin können
bei allergischen Angioödemen eingesetzt werden, zeigen
bei akuten Attacken nicht-allergischer Angioödeme jedoch keine
Wirkung. Hier stellen der Bradykinin-B2-Rezeptor-Antagonist Icatibant
(HAE, ggf. RAE) oder C1-INH-Konzentrat (bei HAE, ggf. AAE) Therapieoptionen
dar, die akute Angioödeme rasch zum Rückgang bringen.
Die folgende Arbeit möchte eine Übersicht zur
Diagnostik und Therapie für die Notfallsituation „akutes
Angioödem”, insbesondere mit Schwellung im Kopf-Hals-Bereich,
geben.
Abstract
Angioedema is an oedematous swelling of the mucosa or submucosa
of the skin. Acute angioedema represents a clinical emergency when
the pharynx or larynx are involved and breathing of the patient
is impaired. For rapid and effective treatment it is necessary to
differentiate between allergic and non-allergic angioedema. Three
of the five subforms of non-allergic angioedema are mediated by
bradykinin: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)-blocker-induced
angioedema (RAE), hereditary angioedema (HAE) and acquired angioedema
(AAE). Antihistamines, corticosteroids and adrenalin can be used
to treat allergic angioedema but are ineffective in acute attacks
of non-allergic angioedema. In these events the bradykinin-B2-receptor
antagonist icatibant (in HAE, or RAE) or C1-INH concentrate (in
HAE, or AAE) are therapeutic options for rapid alleviation of acute
angioedema. The following article gives an overview of the diagnostics
and treatment in the emergency situation of „acute angioedema”,
especially if swelling of the head-and-neck region is present.
Schlüsselwörter
akutes Angioödem - hereditäres Angioödem - Bradykinin - Icatibant - C1-INH - ACE-Hemmer
Keywords
acute angioedema - hereditary angioedema - bradykinin - icatibant - C1-INH - ACE inhibitor
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Dr. Murat Bas
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum
rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Telefon: 089/4140-2370
Fax: 089/4140-4853
eMail: basmurat@web.de