Zusammenfassung
Die Therapie abakterieller Zystitiden stützt sich oft auf rein symptomorientierte
Maßnahmen, die den Patienten zwar in vielen Fällen Linderung bringen, das chronische
Fortschreiten ihrer Erkrankung jedoch nicht verhindern können. Diese Arbeit skizziert
die häufigsten Formen der abakteriellen Zystitiden (interstitielle, radiogene und
chemotherapieinduzierte Zystitis) und ihre gemeinsame Pathophysiologie und stellt
im Anschluss daran die gängigen therapeutischen Maßnahmen dar. In Bezug auf die radiogene
und die chemotherapieinduzierte Zystitis ist zu berücksichtigen, dass durch optimierte
präventive Maßnahmen die Entstehung des Entzündungsprozesses oft deutlich verzögert
oder sogar verhindert werden kann. Die in diesem Beitrag genannten Präventionsmaßnahmen
sollten deshalb zur festen Begleittherapie im Rahmen der tumorbedingten Behandlung
gehören. Alternativ oder ergänzend zu den symptomatischen Therapien zeigen kausale
Behandlungsansätze gute Ansprechraten. Neben der erfolgreichen hyperbaren Sauerstofftherapie
gilt dies auch für das Hyaluronan, das mit dem Ziel des Wiederaufbaus der geschädigten
Glykosaminoglukan-Schicht im Harnblasenendothel instilliert wird und eröffnet in bislang
als therapieresistent geltenden Fällen neue Heilungsoptionen. Ein vorangehender Kaliumsensitivitätstest
ist zu empfehlen, da sich durch ihn der mutmaßliche Erfolg der Therapie mit hoher
Wahrscheinlichkeit abschätzen lässt. Mindestens ebenso wichtig ist allerdings, dass
insbesondere bei interstitieller Zystitis überhaupt eine frühzeitigere Diagnostik
stattfindet, als dies bisher oft der Fall ist.
Abstract
The therapy for non-bacterial cysitides is often based on purely symptom-oriented
measures which in many cases relieve the patient’s symptoms but cannot stop the chronic
progression of the disease. The present article summarises the most common forms of
non-bacterial cystitis (interstitial, radiogenic, chemotherapy-induced) with their
common pathophysiology and then introdcuces the most common therapeutic procedures.
With regard to radiogenic and chemotherapy-induced cystitis it must be considered
that optimal preventative measures can often markedly delay or even prevent the development
of the inflammatory processes. The preventative therapeutic measures mentioned in
this article should thus constitute a fixed part of the accompanying therapy within
the framework of tumour-related treatment. As alternatives or supplements to symptomatic
therapy, causal therapy options show good response rates. Besides successful hyperbaric
oxygen therapy, this also holds for hyalurane that is instilled with the aim of repairing
the damaged glycosamine layer in the endothelium of the urinary bladder and so opens
new curative options in cases that were previously considered as therapy resistant.
A prior potassium-sensitivity test is recommended as this allows the putative success
of the therapy to be predicted with a high probability. However. It is equally important,
especially in cases of interstitial cystitis, that the diagnosis is made as early
as possible which was often not done in the past.
Schlüsselwörter
abakterielle Zystitis - Diagnostik - kausale Therapiemöglichkeiten - Präventionsmaßnahmen
- geschädigte Glykosaminoglukan-Schicht
Key words
non-bacterial cystitis - diagnostics - causal therapy options - preventatrive measures
- damaged glycosaminoglucan layer
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. M. J. Mathers
Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Remscheid · Kooperationspraxis der Klinik für Urologie
und Kinderurologie · Helios Klinikum Wuppertal · Universität Witten / Herdecke
Fastenrathstr. 1
42853 Remscheid
Email: M.J.Mathers@t-online.de