Zusammenfassung
Glomeruläre Erkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten
renalen Pathologien und führen in vielen Fällen
zu terminaler Niereninsuffizienz. Die klinische Manifestation dieser
Erkrankungen lässt sich in 5 Gruppen einteilen, wobei der
zugrundeliegende pathophysiologische Mechanismus die klinischen
Erscheinungen prägt. Eines dieser fünf klinischen
Syndrome ist das nephrotische Syndrom, welches durch das gemeinsame
Auftreten einer großen Proteinurie (> 3,5 g/Tag)
mit Hypalbuminämie, Hyperlipoproteinämie und Ödemen
gekennzeichnet ist. Das nephrotische Syndrom kann klinisches Korrelat
verschiedener Krankheiten sein. Heute liefert die bis vor wenigen
Jahren nur wenig verstandene Pathophysiologie dieses Syndroms wichtige
Informationen zur Etablierung neuer Therapiekonzepte. Der Durchbruch
im Verständnis der Funktion des glomerulären Filters
gelang in den letzten Jahren zunehmend durch genetische und molekularbiologische
Untersuchungen, welche die viszeralen Epithelzellen des Glomerulus – Podozyten – in
den
Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt haben. Heute kennen wir
unterschiedliche Faktoren, die zur Schädigung der Podozyten
führen können, hierunter toxische Substanzen,
immunologische Phänomene oder systemische Erkrankungen
wie Diabetes mellitus.
Abstract
Glomerular diseases are among the most common renal pathologies
leading frequently to end-stage renal disease. Clinical disease
can be divided into five different groups the features of which
are determined by the underlying pathophysiology. One of these five
clinical syndromes is the nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized
by proteinuria > 3.5 g/day accompanied
by hypalbuminemia, hyperlipoproteinemia and pronounced edema. The
nephrotic syndrome may be the clinical manifestation of a row of
underlying diseases. The pathophysiological basics had remained
elusive for decades, yet recently significant progress which allows
for establishing new therapeutic strategies has been made. A major
breakthrough in understanding the function of the glomerular filter
unit has been possible in the last years through both genetic and
cell biological studies, which have revealed a crucial role for
the visceral epithelial cells of the glomerulus – the podocytes.
By now various factors have been found causing podocyte damage,
such as toxines, immunological phenomena or systemic disease like
diabetes mellitus.
Schlüsselwörter
nephrotisches Syndrom - Proteinurie - symptomatische Therapie
Keywords
nephrotic syndrome - proteinuria - symptomatical therapy
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Dr. med. Tülay Kisner
Klinik IV für Innere Medizin, Uniklinik
Köln
Kerpener Str. 62
50937 Köln
Telefon: 0221/478-4480
Fax: 0221/478-5959
eMail: tuelay.kisner@uk-koeln.de