Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Peginterferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFNa2b) und Lamivudin sind effektive Behandlungsoptionen
bei einer chronischer Hepatitis-B-Infektion. Es gab Hinweise, dass die Kombinationstherapie
von PEG-IFNα-2b und Lamivudin im Vergleich zur Monotherapie eine höhere Rate an HBeAg-Serokonversion
induziert sowie eine stärkere Suppression der HBV-DNA- und der HBsAg-Produktion erreichen
kann. Patienten und Methodik: 59 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis B wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Es
erfolgte die Randomisation in eine 9-monatige Therapie mit PEG-IFNα-2b 1,5 µg/kg o. i. w.
(n = 27) oder PEG-IFNα-2b plus Lamivudin 100 mg (n = 32). Die Nachbeobachtungszeit
betrug 24 Wochen. Das primäre Zielkriterium war der Verlust der HBV-DNA 24 Wochen
nach Ende der Therapie. HBV-DNA (PCR) und HBsAg (Axsym, Abbott) wurden zu Beginn,
am Ende der Therapie und am Ende der Nachbeobachtungszeit quantitativ bestimmt, während
die HBeAg (Axsym, Abbott) Bestimmung zu den gleichen Zeitpunkt qualitativ erfolgte.
Die Bestimmung der HBV-Genotypen erfolgte mit dem Innolipa Assay (Innogenetics). Resultate: Es wurden lediglich 32 Patienten in die Gruppe der Kombinationstherapie und 27 Patienten
in die Gruppe der Monotherapie randomisiert. Der Abfall der HBV-DNA (4,60 log vs.
2,41 log; p = 0,003) war signifikant stärker unter Kombinationstherapie. Der Anteil
der Patienten mit ALT-Normalisierung, viraler Suppression (HBV-DNA < 400 copies/mL)
und einer HBeAg Serokonversion war jedoch ohne Unterschied zwischen den Behandlungsgruppen.
Der HBV-Genotyp hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Zielparameter. In einer Post-hoc-Analyse
wurden bei 29 Patienten zusätzlich HBsAg-Spiegel bestimmt. Hierbei zeigte die Kombinationstherapie
sowohl während (– 0,7 ± 1,17 log IU/mL vs. –0,26 ± 0,61 log IU/mL; p = 0,35) als auch
nach der Behandlung (– 0,68 ± 1,29 log IU/mL vs. – 0,24 ± 0,56 log IU/mL; p = 0,82)
einen stärkeren, aber nicht signifikanten Abfall des HBsAg. Zwei von 3 Patienten mit
2 log HBsAg-Abfall unter 100 IU/mL erreichten in der Langzeitnachbeobachtung einen
HBsAg-Verlust. Diskussion: Aufgrund geringer Rekrutierungszahlen erreichte die Studie nicht den primären Studienendpunkt.
Jedoch zeigte sich in einer Post-hoc-Analyse ein mehr als 2-fach stärkerer HBsAg-Abfall
in der Kombinationstherapie, wobei nach Absetzen des Lamivudins kein Wiederanstieg
des HBsAg beobachtet wurde. Dieses Ergebnis kann auf einen Nutzen zukünftiger Kombinationstherapien
hinweisen, bei denen die Nucleos(t)idtherapie fortgeführt wird.
Abstract
Background: Peginterferon alpha-2b (PEG-IFNa2b) and lamivudine are efficient treatment options
for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We assumed that a combination therapy
of PEG-IFNα-2b plus lamivudine will be more effective than PEG-IFNα-2b alone concerning
loss of HBV-DNA, HBeAg seroconversion, and HBsAg reduction. Patients and Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomised to nine months treatment with PEG-IFNα-2b
1.5 µg/kg o. i. w. or PEG- IFNα-2b plus lamivudine 100 mg/d. The study was designed
with 60 patients per treatment arm. The primary endpoint was defined as loss of HBV-DNA
(< 400 copies/mL) 24 weeks after the end of therapy. HBV-DNA (PCR), HBsAg (Architect,
Abbott), and HBeAg (Axsym, Abbott) were determined prior to and at the end of treatment
as well as at follow-up. HBV-genotypes were determined by Innolipa (Innogenetics).
Results: Only 32 patients were randomised to combination therapy and 27 individuals to monotherapy
due to low recruitment rates. On treatment reduction of HBV-DNA was significantly
higher during combination therapy compared to PEG-IFNa-2b monotherapy (– 4.60 ± 2.71
vs. – 2.41 ± 2.17 log; p = 0.003). However, there was no difference in the number
of cases achieving HBV-DNA < 400 copies/mL, ALT normalisation, or HBeAg seroconversion
at follow-up. None of the parameters was significantly related to HBV-genotypes. In
a post-hoc analysis serum HBsAg levels were analysed as an additional prognostic parameter
for treatment response (n = 29). Combination therapy showed a stronger, but not significant
HBsAg decline during (– 0.7 ± 1.17 log IU/mL vs. – 0.26 ± 0.61 log IU/mL; p = 0.35)
and after therapy (– 0.68 ± 1.29 log IU/mL vs. – 0.24 ± 0.56 log IU/mL; p = 0.82).
Two of three cases with a 2-log HBsAg decline to HBsAg levels < 100 IU/mL eliminated
HBsAg during long-term follow-up. Conclusion: The study was underpowered with respect to the primary endpoint due to low recruitment
rates. However, in the post-hoc analysis HBsAg decline was over two-fold stronger
at the end of treatment and follow-up after combination therapy and did not rebound
after lamivudine withdrawal. These results may indicate the usefulness of future combination
therapies without discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogues.
Schlüsselwörter
chronische Hepatitis B - Virushepatitis - Leber - Therapie - HBsAg quantitativ
Key words
chronic hepatitis B - viral hepatitis - liver - therapy - HBsAg quantitative
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Prof. Dr. Ingolf Schiefke
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. George Hospital
Delitzscher Str. 141
04129 Leipzig
Germany
Phone: ++ 49/3 41/9 09 26 26
Fax: ++ 49/3 41/9 09 26 73
Email: ingolf.schiefke@sanktgeorg.de