Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom – von der Immunbiologie zur Immuntherapie

Zusammenfassung

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC; vom engl. hepatocellular carcinoma) ist der fünfthäufigste maligne Tumor weltweit mit steigender Inzidenz. Der klinische Verlauf der Erkrankung ist durch die häufig zugrunde liegende Leberzirrhose, die Tumorgröße zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose sowie die zur Verfügung stehenden Therapien limitiert. In den letzten Jahren wurden große Fortschritte im Verständnis der Immunbiologie des HCCs erzielt. In diesem Artikel sollen aktuelle Erkenntnisse über die Biologie des HCCs, über die Bedeutung chronischer Entzündungen bei der Karzinogenese und über die Rolle der tumorspezifischen Immunantworten dargestellt werden. Außerdem werden mögliche neue immunbasierte Therapieformen vorgestellt, die in Zukunft das Spektrum der Therapien beim HCC erweitern könnten.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide with an increasing incidence. The clinical outcome is influenced by the underlying liver cirrhosis, the size of the tumour at the time of diagnosis and the few therapeutic options currently available. In recent years there has been a lot of progress in the understanding of HCC immunobiology. This review summarizes our current knowledge of HCC biology, the role of chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis and the role of tumour-specific immune responses. Furthermore, we will present potentially new, immune-based therapies that might open up new avenues for the treatment of HCC.

Schlüsselwörter

hepatozelluläres Karzinom - Leber - Tumorimmunologie - Hepatitis C - Hepatitis B - Immuntherapie

Key words

hepatocellular carcinoma - liver - tumour immunology - hepatitis C - hepatitis B - immune-based therapy

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