Literatur
- 1
Castelon Konkiewitz E et al.
Service-based survey of dystonia in munich.
Neuroepidemiology.
2002;
21
202-206
- 2
Risch N et al.
Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent
descent from a small founder population.
Nat Genet.
1995;
9
152-159
- 3
Li S C et al.
A prevalence survey of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders in the People’s
Republic of China.
Arch Neurol.
1985;
42
655-657
- 4
Müller J et al.
The prevalence of primary dystonia in the general community.
Neurology.
2002;
59
941-943
- 5
Defazio G et al.
Epidemiology of primary dystonia.
Lancet Neurol.
2004;
3
673-678
- 6
Fuchs T, Ozelius L J.
Genetics of dystonia.
Semin Neurol.
2011;
31
441-448
- 7 Raymond D, Bressman S B. Early-Onset Primary Dystonia (DYT1).. In: Pagon R A, Bird T D,
Dolan C R, et al, eds GeneReviews.. Seattle; 1993. im Internet: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1492/ Stand; 08.02.2012
- 8 Volkmann J et al. Leitlinie der DGN – Dystonie.. In: Diener H C, Putzki N, Hrsg
Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie.. 4. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme;
2008: 118-124
- 9
Ozelius L J, Bressman S B.
Genetic and clinical features of primary torsion dystonia.
Neurobiol Dis.
2011;
42
127-135
- 10 Ceballos-Baumann A. Dystonien.. In: Ceballos-Baumann A, Conrad B, Hrsg Bewegungsstörungen..
2. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2005: 128-180
- 11
Vanek Z, Jankovic J.
Dystonia in corticobasal degeneration.
Mov Disord.
2001;
16
252-257
- 12
Rafal R D, Friedman J H.
Limb dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy.
Neurology.
1987;
37
1546-1549
- 13
Barclay C L, Lang A E.
Dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1997;
62
352-356
- 14
Jankovic J.
Blepharospasm and oromandibular-laryngeal-cervical dystonia: a controlled trial of
botulinum A toxin therapy.
Adv Neurol.
1988;
50
583-591
- 15
Lees A J et al.
Treatment of cervical dystonia hand spasms and laryngeal dystonia with botulinum toxin.
J Neurol.
1992;
239
1-4
- 16
Tsui J K et al.
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of writer’s cramp: a double-blind study.
Neurology.
1993;
43
183-185
- 17
Jankovic J, Schwartz K S.
Longitudinal experience with botulinum toxin injections for treatment of blepharospasm
and cervical dystonia.
Neurology.
1993;
43
834-836
- 18
Brans J W et al.
Botulinum toxin versus trihexyphenidyl in cervical dystonia: a prospective, randomized,
double-blind controlled trial.
Neurology.
1996;
46
1066-1072
- 19
Burke R E et al.
Torsion dystonia: a double-blind, prospective trial of high-dosage trihexyphenidyl.
Neurology.
1986;
36
160-164
- 20
Nutt J G et al.
Cranial dystonia: double-blind crossover study of anticholinergics.
Neurology.
1984;
34
215-217
- 21
Jankovic J.
Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders with tetrabenazine: a double-blind crossover
study.
Ann Neurol.
1982;
11
41-47
- 22
Vidailhet M L et al.
Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia.
N Engl J Med.
2005;
352
459-467
- 23
Kupsch A et al.
Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia.
N Engl J Med.
2006;
355
1978-1990
- 24
Müller J et al.
Pallidal deep brain stimulation improves quality of life in segmental and generalized
dystonia: results from a prospective, randomized sham-controlled trial.
Mov Disord.
2008;
23
131-134
- 25
Vidailhet M L et al.
Bilateral, pallidal, deep-brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia: a prospective
3 year follow-up study.
Lancet Neurol.
2007;
6
223-229
- 26
Cif L et al.
Long-term follow-up of DYT1 dystonia patients treated by deep brain stimulation: an
open-label study.
Mov Disord.
2010;
25
289-299
- 27
Gruber D et al.
Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia.
Neurology.
2009;
73
53-58
- 28
Reese R et al.
Long-term clinical outcome in meige syndrome treated with internal pallidum deep brain
stimulation.
Mov Disord.
2011;
26
691-698
- 29
Gruber D et al.
Pallidal and thalamic deep brain stimulation in myoclonus-dystonia.
Mov Disord.
2010;
25
1733-1743
- 30
Azoulay-Zyss J et al.
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the pallidum for myoclonus-dystonia due to epsilon-sarcoglycan
mutations: a pilot study.
Arch Neurol.
2011;
68
94-98
- 31
Vidailhet M et al.
Bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with dystonia-choreoathetosis
cerebral palsy: a prospective pilot study.
Lancet Neurol.
2009;
8
709-717
- 32
Timmermann L et al.
Dystonia in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: outcome of bilateral pallidal
stimulation.
Brain.
2010;
133
701-712
- 33
Munchau A et al.
Prospective study of selective peripheral denervation for botulinum-toxin resistant
patients with cervical dystonia.
Brain.
2001;
124
769-783
- 34
Walker R H et al.
Intrathecal baclofen for dystonia: benefits and complications during six years of
experience.
Mov Disord.
2000;
15
1242-1247
- 35
Albright A L et al.
Intrathecal baclofen for generalized dystonia.
Dev Med Child Neurol.
2001;
43
652-657
- 36
Krack P, Vercueil L.
Review of the functional surgical treatment of dystonia.
Eur J Neurol.
2001;
8
389-399
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Lars Timmermann
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Uniklinik Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50924 Köln
eMail: Lars.timmermann@uk-koeln.de