Synthesis 2012; 44(18): 2959-2963
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1316749
paper
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Synthesis of Azabipyridine and Azaterpyridine Building Blocks for Multitopic Binding

Soumen De
Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany, Email: schmittel@chemie.uni-siegen.de
,
Susnata Pramanik
Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany, Email: schmittel@chemie.uni-siegen.de
,
Michael Schmittel*
Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany, Email: schmittel@chemie.uni-siegen.de
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 14 May 2012

Accepted after revision: 23 June 2012

Publication Date:
03 August 2012 (online)


Abstract

We describe the synthesis of four bromo-substituted azabipyridines­ and two bromo-substituted azaterpyridines through a series of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Both the azabipyridine and azaterpyridine heterocycles contain two orthogonal binding motifs, the value of which has been demonstrated recently in a nanomechanical switch for triggering organocatalysis. The bromo functionality allows heterocyclic ligands to be attached to larger frameworks.

Supporting Information

 
  • References


    • For some selected reviews, see:
    • 1a Ruben M, Rojo J, Romero-Salguero FJ, Uppadine LH, Lehn J.-M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004; 43: 3644
    • 1b Northrop BH, Zheng YR, Chi KW, Stang PJ. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009; 42: 1554
    • 1c Yoshizawa M, Klosterman JK, Fujita M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009; 48: 3418
    • 2a Kaes C, Katz A, Hosseini MW. Chem. Rev. 2000; 100: 3553
    • 2b Albrecht M. Chem. Rev. 2001; 101: 3457
    • 2c Hofmeier H, Schubert US. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2004; 33: 373
    • 2d Andres PR, Schubert US. Adv. Mater. 2004; 16: 1043
    • 2e Constable EC. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2007; 36: 246
    • 2f Eryazici I, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR. Chem. Rev. 2008; 108: 1834
    • 3a Shunmugam R, Gabriel GJ, Aamer KA, Tew GN. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2010; 31: 784
    • 3b Winter A, Newkome GR, Schubert US. ChemCatChem 2011; 3: 1384
    • 3c Winter A, Hoeppener S, Newkome GR, Schubert US. Adv. Mater. 2011; 23: 3484
  • 4 Chelucci G, Thummel RP. Chem. Rev. 2002; 102: 3129

    • For some selected reviews, see:
    • 5a Cargill ThompsonA. M. W. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997; 160: 1
    • 5b Fallahpour R.-A. Synthesis 2003; 155
    • 5c Heller M, Schubert US. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003; 947
    • 5d Newkome GW, Patri AK, Holder E, Schubert US. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004; 235
    • 5e Hapke M, Brandt L, Luetzen A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008; 37: 2782
  • 6 Schmittel M, De S, Pramanik S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012; 51: 3832
    • 7a Cuccia LA, Ruiz E, Lehn J.-M, Homo G.-C, Schmutz M. Chem.–Eur. J. 2002; 3448
    • 7b Snégaroff K, Komagawa S, Chevallier F, Gros PC, Golhen S, Roisnel T, Uchiyama M, Mongin F. Chem.–Eur. J. 2010; 16: 8191
    • 7c Yu X.-Y, Yi P.-G, Ji D.-H, Zeng B.-R, Li X.-F, Xu X. Dalton Trans. 2012; 3684
    • 8a Schmittel M, Lüning U, Meder M, Ganz A, Michel C, Herderich M. Heterocycl. Commun. 1997; 3: 493
    • 8b Schmittel M, Michel C, Wiegrefe A, Kalsani V. Synthesis 2001; 1561
    • 8c Schmittel M, Ammon H, Kalsani V, Wiegrefe A, Michel C. Chem. Commun. 2002; 2566
    • 8d De S, Mahata K, Schmittel M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010; 39: 1555
    • 9a Schmittel M, Kalsani V, Kishore RS. K, Cölfen H, Bats JW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005; 127: 11544
    • 9b Schmittel M, Kalsani V, Mal P, Bats JW. Inorg. Chem. 2006; 45: 6370
    • 9c Mahata K, Saha ML, Schmittel M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010; 132: 15933
    • 10a King AO, Okukudo N, Negishi E.-I. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977; 683
    • 10b Stille JK. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1986; 25: 508
    • 10c Mitchell TN. Synthesis 1992; 803
    • 10d Espinet P, Echavarren AM. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004; 43: 4704
    • 10e Naber JR, Fors BP, Wu X, Gunn JT, Buchwald SL. Heterocycles 2010; 80: 1215
    • 10f Xue L, Lin Z. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010; 39: 1692
    • 10g Jana R, Pathak TP, Sigman MS. Chem. Rev. 2011; 111: 1417
    • 10h Shi W, Liu C, Lei A. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011; 40: 2761
  • 11 Seggio A, Chevallier F, Vaultier M, Mongin F. J. Org. Chem. 2007; 72: 6602
  • 12 Getmanenko YA, Twieg RJ. J. Org. Chem. 2008; 73: 830