Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes genital ambiguity in females affected with the
severe form of the disease; yet the abnormality is preventable with prenatal dexamethasone
treatment that must be given to the mother before the ninth week of gestation. In
the period from 1978 to March 2011 we have made prenatal diagnosis in 719 pregnancies.
Our results indicate that the average Prader score of those fetuses treated with dexamethasone
was 1.7, which is much lower than the average Prader score of 3.73 in those not treated.
While our data demonstrate no significant abnormalities in the long-range medical
and cognitive outcomes in patients prenatally treated with dexamethasone, the current
protocol involves invasive procedures such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis,
and all fetuses are treated unnecessarily for several weeks before the sex and the
affection status of the fetus is known. We are collaborating with Dr. Dennis Lo in
Hong Kong to develop a noninvasive protocol, whereby at the sixth to seventh week
of gestation we can determine the sex and the affection status of the fetus by harvesting
fetal DNA from the maternal plasma. The method will eliminate invasive procedures
and unnecessary prenatal treatment and bring noninvasive prenatal diagnosis to underdeveloped
areas where amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are not available.
Keywords
congenital adrenal hyperplasia - prenatal treatment - genital ambiguity - noninvasive
prenatal diagnosis - dexamethasone
