Kardiomyopathien: Ätiologie und Klassifikation

Zusammenfassung

Eine adäquate Klassifikation der Kardiomyopathien stellt wegen ihrer Heterogenität bezüglich der Ätiologie, Diagnostik, klinischen Präsentation und Therapie eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Eine einzige Klassifizierung kann somit nur näherungsweise allen Perspektiven gerecht werden. Sinnvoll erscheint aus klinischer Sicht die Einteilung insbesondere nach pathophysiologischen und ätiologischen Gesichtspunkten, da diese meistens die diagnostische und therapeutische Konsequenz nach sich zieht. So werden beispielsweise Kanalopathien häufig elektrokardiografisch, die dilatative Kardiomyopathie echokardiografisch und die Myokarditis bioptisch diagnostiziert. Aufgrund der aufwendigen und komplexen Diagnosestellung sollten Patienten mit einem Verdacht auf eine Kardiomyopathie in enger Zusammenarbeit mit spezialisierten Zentren abgeklärt werden.

Abstract

A sufficient classification of cardiomyopathies constitutes a significant challenge caused by the high degree of heterogeneity regarding aetiology, diagnostics, clinical presentation and therapy. Thus, one classification cannot satisfy all aspects in the same way. A classification pivotal according to pathophysiology and etiology seems to be meaningful for clinicians because both diagnostic and therapy often results from these entities. For example, canalopathies will be often diagnosed by electrocardiography, dilated cardiomyopathy by echocardiography and myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsies. Since diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are occasionally complex we strongly recommend that those patients with cardiomyopathy should be diagnosed and treated in close cooperation to a specialized centre.

Schlüsselwörter

Kardiomyopathien - Klassifikation - Ätiologie

Key words

cardiomyopathies - classification - etiology

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