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Sportverletz Sportschaden 2013; 27(2): 75-84
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335158
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Validierung eines komplexen fußballspezifischen und fußballunspezifischen Tests–Leistungsdiagnostik im Spannungsfeld von Test- und Wettkampfleistung

Validity of a Complex Soccer-Specific Field Test and a Non-Specific Sprint Test–Assessments for Test and Match Performance
R. Schwesig
1   Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
,
M. Hartmann
1   Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
,
S. Leuchte
1   Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
,
D. Fischer
1   Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
,
O. Kuß
2   Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 April 2013 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Assessments in der Fußballleistungsdiagnostik (FLD) fehlt es zumeist an Fußballspezifik und Komplexität. Test- und Wettkampfleistung werden zudem, obwohl vorliegend (!), nur selten zum Zwecke der Validierung miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Infolgedessen findet sich aktuell in der Literatur kein validierter fußballspezifischer Komplextest.

Fragestellung: Ziel der Studie war es, einen fußballspezifischen Komplextest (FBKT) und einen Sprinttest (ST) prospektiv anhand der Goldstandards Wettkampfleistung, Trainereinschätzung und Ligazugehörigkeit (Saison 2012/2013) zu validieren.

Methodik: Ein Team der 4. Liga (n = 14) wurde in der Vorbereitung auf die Rückrunde 2011 mittels FBKT und ST getestet. Anschließend wurde die Wettkampfleistung der Spieler in 17 Spielen der Rückrunde 2011 mittels Videoanalyse erfasst und mit den Testleistungen in Beziehung gesetzt (z. B. Passquote, Tore, Zweikampfverhalten). 18 Monate später wurde die Ligazugehörigkeit ermittelt und die getesteten Spieler vom Trainer beurteilt.

Ergebnisse: Seitens der Wettkampfleistung erwies sich die Spielzeit als der bestgeeignete Goldstandard. Gesamtzeit (GZ) und Bestzeit (BZ) aus dem ST lieferten die größten Varianzaufklärungen (50 %, 46 %) bezüglich der Spielzeit. Hinsichtlich des FBKT erzielten die Parameter „Summe aller linearen Sprints“ (24 %) und die „Gesamtzeit aller Handlungsfolgen mit Strafzeit in Runde 2“ (22 %) die größten Varianzaufklärungen. Das Trainerranking generierte signifikante Odds Ratios zur BZ im 20m-ST (OR = 6,5; KI: 3,2 – 5,2 × 1015; p = 0,037) und zur GZ des Tempodribblings (TD) (FBKT) (OR = 1,3; KI: 1,2 – 199,5; p = 0,036) aus einem Proportional-Odds-Modell. Bezüglich der Ligazugehörigkeit ließen sich die BZ (OR = 15,8; KI: 2,16 – 115,4; p = 0,007) und die GZ (OR = 3,28; KI: 1,31 – 8,21; p = 0,011) des ST sowie die GZ des TD aus dem FBKT (OR = 1,3; KI: 1,01 – 1,61; p = 0,044) als valide Faktoren ermitteln.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie zeigte, dass fußballspezifische Tests nicht per se aufgrund ihrer größeren logischen Validität auch seitens der Konstruktvalidität fußballunspezifischen Tests überlegen sind. Jedoch beschränkt sich ihre Aussagekraft nicht nur auf die Leistungsbeurteilung. So liefert der FBKT auch konkrete Hinweise für die Trainingssteuerung. Seine geringe Validität ist u. U. auf die geringe Leistungsfähigkeit der Spieler in fußballspezifischen Handlungsfolgen (Flanken, Torschüsse) zurückzuführen, die eine Differenzierung der Spieler stark einschränkte.

Abstract

Background: Soccer assessments often lack specificity and complexity. Examinations of validity for soccer assessments, based on the relation between test and match performance, are available although they are scarce. A complex soccer-specific field test which is validated cannot be found in the literature at all.

Objective: The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the validity of a soccer-specific complexity test (FBKT) and a repeated non-specific sprint test (ST) based on three gold standards: match performance, coach ranking, and league affiliation.

Materials and Methods: A German fourth league soccer team (n = 14) was assessed using FBKT and ST in the pre-season for the second half of the 2010/2011 season. Afterwards, their performance in 17 matches was evaluated using video analysis in order to compare them with the test parameters (e. g., pass/assist ratio, goals, duelling behaviour). Eighteen months later, the league affiliation of all players was identified and the coach evaluated the tested players.

Results: With regard to match performance, playing time was proved to be the most suitable parameter for validating the test performance (FBKT, ST). The total and minimum times of ST were the most powerful parameters in relation to playing time and explained 50 % and 46 % of the variance, respectively. Concerning the FBKT, the parameters “sum of all linear sprints” (24 %) and “total time of all activity series with penalty time in round two” (22 %) explained the highest amount of variance. Coach ranking generated significant odds ratios for the minimum time of ST (OR = 6.5; CI: 3.2 – 5.2 × 1015; p = 0.037), and total time of speed dribbling of the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.2 – 199.5; p = 0.036) based on a proportional-odds model. With regard to league affiliation, significant odds ratios occurred with the following parameters: minimum time of ST (OR = 15.8; CI: 2.16 – 115.4; p = 0.007); total time of ST (OR = 3.28; CI: 1.31 – 8.21; p = 0.011); and, total time of speed dribbling for the FBKT (OR = 1.3; CI: 1.01 – 1.61; p = 0.044).

Conclusions: This study showed that the larger logical validity of soccer-specific complex tests does not necessarily translate to a larger construct validity, as compared to non-specific tests. However, their value is not limited to performance evaluation. The FBKT provides valuable information concerning training process control. It is possible that its low validity is caused by the poor performance of the players in soccer-specific consequences of actions (centres, goals) due to the restricted differentiation of players.

Schlüsselwörter

Fußball - Testleistung - Wettkampfleistung - Validität

Key words

soccer - test performance - match performance - validity
 

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