Hebammen und Rauchen – Einstellungen, Rauchstatus und Beratungskompetenz im Ausbildungsverlauf

Zusammenfassung

Tabakkonsum ist eines der größten vermeidbaren Gesundheitsrisiken. Hebammen können zu einer Konsumreduktion unter Schwangeren und jungen Familien beitragen. Es kann angenommen werden, dass persönliche Rauchgewohnheiten und Einstellungen die Beratungsaktivitäten beeinflussen. Ziel dieser Studie war es den Rauchstatus, die Nikotinabhängigkeit und die Bereitschaft zur Veränderung von Hebammenschülerinnen im deutschsprachigen Sprachraum zu analysieren, da die bisherige Datenlage nicht ausreichend erscheint. Ende 2010 wurde eine querschnittliche, schriftliche Befragung unter deutschen, österreichischen und schweizerischen Hebammenschulen durchgeführt. Es wurden soziodemografische Daten, der Rauchstatus, Einstellungen zum Rauchen, Kenntnisse über rauchbedingte Gesundheitsgefahren, erlebte Selbstwirksamkeit und Kompetenz in der Beratung Schwangerer erhoben. 1 126 Hebammenschülerinnen und 38 ausbildende Hebammen nahmen teil (RR=61,8%). 22,7% davon sind tägliche oder Gelegenheitsraucher. 6,8% gelten als mittel bis stark abhängig. 98,1% sind der Meinung, dass die Rauchfrei-Beratung Schwangerer und Stillender in das Aufgabenfeld der Hebammen gehört, während sich 76,5% auch in der Lage dazu fühlen und 25,8% effektive Entwöhnungsmethoden kennen. Kenntnisse über Gesundheitsgefahren und erfolgreiche Entwöhnungsmethoden sind nur teilweise vorhanden. Die Rauchprävalenz ist geringer als in anderen vergleichbaren Studienpopulationen. Kenntnisse über Gesundheitsgefahren und effektive Behandlungsmethoden sollten verbessert werden. Die Vermittlung von Beratungskompetenzen sollte bereits im Rahmen der Ausbildung verstärkt werden.

Abstract

Tobacco consumption is a major public health threat. Midwives can contribute to the reduction of tobacco use among pregnant women and young families. It can be assumed that personal smoking behaviour and knowledge of harmful effects influences counselling activities. The aim of this study was to assess smoking status, nicotine dependency and the will to change of midwifery students in german-speaking countries. Broad data on this population is not available so far. In 2010, a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among Austrian, German and Swiss midwifery schools. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, personal attitudes towards smoking, knowledge of cessation strategies, perceived self-efficacy and competence to counsel pregnant women regarding their smoking habits of midwifery trainees were examined. 1 126 students and 38 teaching midwives answered this questionnaire (RR=61.8%). 22.7% are daily or occasional smokers. 6.8% have to be considered as medium and heavy smokers. 98.1% consider cessation counselling for pregnant and breast-feeding women as a midwife’s task, while 76.5% feel competent enough to do so. 75.5% rate cessation counselling through midwives as effective stop-smoking procedures compared to blurry knowledge on related health risks and effective stop-smoking strategies. The self-reported smoking prevalence is considerably lower than in previous studies and other populations. Knowledge of harmful effects and of effective treatment options needs improvement. Counselling competence needs to be included in a broader way in midwifery curricula.

Schlüsselwörter

Hebammenschülerinnen - Rauchstopp - Beratungskompetenz - Entwöhnungsmethoden - Fagerström

Key words

midwifery students - stop smoking - counselling competence - cessation methods - fagerstroem

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