Migration of embolization coils placed to stop a severe iatrogenic bleed following endoscopic ultrasound-guided cystogastrostomy

A 32-year-old man with a large symptomatic pseudocyst was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cystogastrostomy. The procedure was complicated by an iatrogenic bleed from the pseudocyst border, which was associated with hypovolemia and a significant drop in hemoglobin.

A fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) inserted between the stomach and the pseudocyst did not stop the bleeding. As a result, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with metal coils was performed by our radiology service ([Fig. 1]). Hemostasis was achieved immediately after TAE.

Fig. 1 Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with metal coils being performed by the radiology service in a patient who experienced severe bleeding after endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cystogastrostomy.

After 5 days the patient developed fever and pain. A gastroscope was used to inspect the interior of the pseudocyst cavity, and the metal stent was replaced by two pigtail stents. Large blood clots and necrotic material observed in the cyst were removed with a Roth net. During this procedure, two of the metal coils used during TAE were seen on the border of the cyst at the site of the bleeding; however, two other coils appeared to have migrated directly from the vessel into the pseudocyst cavity ([Fig. 2]). After the procedure, no further evidence of hemorrhage was recorded. Endoscopic pseudocyst lavage was repeated 4 days later, and the patient was discharged home 2 weeks later.

Fig. 2 Radiologic and endoscopic views of the coils 5 days after initial placement (red rings indicate coils on the border of the cyst; black rings indicate coils that have migrated into the pseudocyst cavity).

Embolization of selected arteries with metal coils has been previously used to manage iatrogenic EUS-guided cystogastrostomy bleeds [1]. Migration of the coils from the embolized vessels into the gastrointestinal tract is extremely uncommon, with only one documented case of migration of a steel-wire coil into the stomach after arterial embolization [2]. No reports of the migration of metal coils into a pancreatic pseudocyst have been previously reported. TAE appears to be a minimally invasive, highly effective treatment in patients who hemorrhage after cystogastrostomy.

Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_CPL_1AH_2AC

• References

• 1 Brandon JL, Ruden NM, Turba UC et al. Angiographic embolization of arterial haemorrhage following endoscopic US-guided cystgastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocyst drainage. Diagn Interv Radiol 2008; 14: 57-60
• 2 Takahashi T, Shimada K, Kobayashi N et al. Migration of steel-wire coils into the stomach after transcatheter arterial embolization for a bleeding splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: report of a case. Surg Today 2001; 31: 458-462