Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(03): 209-214
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389942
Physiology & Biochemistry
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Higher Insulin-sensitizing Response after Sprint Interval Compared to Continuous Exercise

J. F. Ortega
1   Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
,
V. E. Fernández-Elías
2   Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
,
N. Hamouti
2   Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
,
J. G. Pallares
3   Physical Education, Murcia, Univeristy of Murcia, Spain
,
R. Mora-Rodriguez
1   Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf



accepted after revision 29. Juli 2014

Publikationsdatum:
06. November 2014 (online)

Abstract

This study investigated which exercise mode (continuous or sprint interval) is more effective for improving insulin sensitivity. Ten young, healthy men underwent a non-exercise trial (CON) and 3 exercise trials in a cross-over, randomized design that included 1 sprint interval exercise trial (SIE; 4 all-out 30-s sprints) and 2 continuous exercise trials at 46% VO2peak (CELOW) and 77% VO2peak (CEHIGH). Insulin sensitivity was assessed using intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) 30 min, 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Energy expenditure was measured during exercise. Glycogen in vastus lateralis was measured once in a resting condition (CON) and immediately post-exercise in all trials. Plasma lipids were measured before each IVGTT. Only after CEHIGH did muscle glycogen concentration fall below CON (P<0.01). All exercise treatments improved insulin sensitivity compared with CON, and this effect persisted for 48-h. However, 30-min post-exercise, insulin sensitivity was higher in SIE than in CELOW and CEHIGH (11.5±4.6, 8.6±5.4, and 8.1±2.9 respectively; P<0.05). Insulin sensitivity did not correlate with energy expenditure, glycogen content, or plasma fatty acids concentration (P>0.05). After a single exercise bout, SIE acutely improves insulin sensitivity above continuous exercise. The higher post-exercise hyperinsulinemia and the inhibition of lipolysis could be behind the marked insulin sensitivity improvement after SIE.

 
  • References

  • 1 Babraj JA, Vollaard NB, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high-intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC Endocr Disord 2009; 9: 1-8
  • 2 Bingley PJ, Colman P, Eisenbarth GS, Jackson RA, McCulloch DK, Riley WJ, Gale EA. Standardization of IVGTT to predict IDDM. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1313-1316
  • 3 Bogardus C, Thuillez P, Ravussin E, Vasquez B, Narimiga M, Azhar S. Effect of muscle glycogen depletion on in vivo insulin action in man. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 1605-1610
  • 4 Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Lakomy HK. Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996; 80: 876-884
  • 5 Bordenave S, Brandou F, Manetta J, Fedou C, Mercier J, Brun JF. Effects of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and disposition index in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 250-257
  • 6 Brestoff JR, Clippinger B, Spinella T, von Duvillard SP, Nindl BC, Arciero PJ. An acute bout of endurance exercise but not sprint interval exercise enhances insulin sensitivity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34: 25-32
  • 7 Brouwer E. On simple formulae for calculating the heat expenditure and the quantities of carbohydrate and fat oxidized in metabolism of men and animals, from gaseous exchange (Oxygen intake and carbonic acid output) and urine-N. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Neerl 1957; 6: 795-802
  • 8 Brun JF, Guintrand-Hugret R, Boegner C, Bouix O, Orsetti A. Influence of short-term submaximal exercise on parameters of glucose assimilation analyzed with the minimal model. Metabolism 1995; 44: 833-840
  • 9 Burgomaster KA, Cermak NM, Phillips SM, Benton CR, Bonen A, Gibala MJ. Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining. Am J Physiol 2007; 292: R1970-R1976
  • 10 Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, Macdonald MJ, McGee SL, Gibala MJ. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. J Physiol 2008; 586: 151-160
  • 11 Colberg SR, Albright AL, Blissmer BJ, Braun B, Chasan-Taber L, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Rubin RR, Sigal RJ. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 2282-2303
  • 12 Devlin JT, Horton ES. Effects of prior high-intensity exercise on glucose metabolism in normal and insulin-resistant men. Diabetes 1985; 34: 973-979
  • 13 Egan B, Carson BP, Garcia-Roves PM, Chibalin AV, Sarsfield FM, Barron N, McCaffrey N, Moyna NM, Zierath JR, O’Gorman DJ. Exercise intensity-dependent regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 mRNA abundance is associated with differential activation of upstream signalling kinases in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2010; 588: 1779-1790
  • 14 Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain?. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2008; 36: 58-63
  • 15 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
  • 16 Jeukendrup AE, Wallis GA. Measurement of substrate oxidation during exercise by means of gas exchange measurements. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26: S28-S37
  • 17 Marliss EB, Simantirakis E, Miles PD, Purdon C, Gougeon R, Field CJ, Halter JB, Vranic M. Glucoregulatory and hormonal responses to repeated bouts of intense exercise in normal male subjects. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1991; 71: 924-933
  • 18 Marliss EB, Vranic M. Intense exercise has unique effects on both insulin release and its roles in glucoregulation: implications for diabetes. Diabetes 2002; 51: S271-S283
  • 19 Mikines KJ, Sonne B, Farrell PA, Tronier B, Galbo H. Effect of physical exercise on sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin in humans. Am J Physiol 1988; 254: E248-E259
  • 20 Ortega JF, Hamouti N, Fernández-Elías VE, Mora-Rodriguez R. Comparison of glucose tolerance tests to detect the insulin-sensitizing effects of a bout of continuous exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39: 787-792
  • 21 Passonneau JV, Lauderdale VR. A comparison of three methods of glycogen measurement in tissues. Anal Biochem 1974; 60: 405-412
  • 22 Richards JC, Johnson TK, Kuzma JN, Lonac MC, Schweder MM, Voyles WF, Bell C. Short-term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. J Physiol 2010; 588: 2961-2972
  • 23 Roden M, Price TB, Perseghin G, Petersen KF, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Shulman GI. Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2859-2865
  • 24 Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E, Wolfe RR. Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: E380-E391
  • 25 Schenk S, Horowitz JF. Acute exercise increases triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle and prevents fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 1690-1698
  • 26 Tarnopolsky MA, Pearce E, Smith K, Lach B. Suction-modified Bergstrom muscle biopsy technique: experience with 13,500 procedures. Muscle Nerve 2011; 43: 717-725
  • 27 Tura A, Sbrignadello S, Succurro E, Groop L, Sesti G, Pacini G. An empirical index of insulin sensitivity from short IVGTT: validation against the minimal model and glucose clamp indices in patients with different clinical characteristics. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 144-152
  • 28 Utzschneider KM, Prigeon RL, Tong J, Gerchman F, Carr DB, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Montgomery B, Mari A, Kahn SE. Within-subject variability of measures of beta cell function derived from a 2 h OGTT: implications for research studies. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2516-2525
  • 29 Whyte LJ, Ferguson C, Wilson J, Scott RA, Gill JM. Effects of single bout of very high-intensity exercise on metabolic health biomarkers in overweight/obese sedentary men. Metabolism 2013; 62: 212-219