Training, Detraining, and Retraining Effects on Glycemic Control and Physical Fitness in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

S. P. Tokmakidis; A.-M. Touvra; H. T. Douda; I. Smilios; K. Kotsa; K. A. Volaklis

doi:10.1055/s-0034-1390483

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2014; 46(13): 974-979
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390483

Endocrine Care

Training, Detraining, and Retraining Effects on Glycemic Control and Physical Fitness in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Authors

S. P. Tokmakidis

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Komotini, Greece
A.-M. Touvra

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Komotini, Greece
H. T. Douda

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Komotini, Greece
I. Smilios

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Komotini, Greece
K. Kotsa

²Aristotelian University of Thessalonica, Medical School, Department of Endocrinology, Thessalonica, Greece
K. A. Volaklis

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Komotini, Greece

³Technische Universität München, Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Munich, Germany

Abstract

Little is known about the detraining and retraining effects of exercise in patients with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of training, detraining, and retraining, using a combined strength and aerobic exercise program on glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes. Thirteen postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (n=13, age: 55.8±5.1 years) followed a supervised aerobic and strength training program for 9 months, which was interrupted for 3 months (detraining) and resumed again for a period of 9 months (retraining). Anthropometric characteristics, glycemic control, and physical fitness were determined at baseline and after 9, 12, and 21 months. Training induced a small reduction in body mass index (BMI: −3.3%, 95% CI −5.1 to −1.5%), a moderate decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG: −12.0%, 95% CI −20.70 to −3.2%), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c: −4.7%, 95% CI −12.1 to 2.7%), and a large decrease in postprandial glucose (PPG: − 12.1%, 95% CI −20.2 to −4.1%). In addition, there was an increase in power output (20.2%, 95% CI 6.9 to 33.6%) and total muscle strength (33.8%, 95% CI 21.4 to 46.1%). Detraining reversed PPG, HbA1c, and physical fitness. Resumption of training, however, led to a moderate decrease in BMI (−5.4%, 95% CI −8.1 to −2.7%), PPG (−9.5%, 95% CI −19.4 to 0.3%), and HbA1c (−6.8%, 95% CI −14.1 to 0.5%), and to large changes in FPG (−20.9%, 95% CI −31.9 to −9.9%), power output (33.1%, 95% CI 17.9 to 48.4%) and total muscle strength (48.2%, 95% CI 34.0 to 62.4%) compared to baseline. Thus, systematic training improves body composition, glycemic control and physical fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cessation of exercise brings about negative alterations, while retraining restores all beneficial adaptations and improves them even more. Therefore, diabetic patients should follow a regular and an uninterrupted exercise program throughout life in order to control glucose metabolism and improve health.

Key words

glucose metabolism - glycosylated hemoglobin - exercise training - fitness

Full Text

References

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