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Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(05): 378-385
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395589
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Eccentric Exercise Leads to Glial Activation but not Apoptosis in Mice Spinal Cords

B. C. Pereira
1   School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
G. Lucas
2   Laboratory of Pain Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
A. L. da Rocha
1   School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
,
J. R. Pauli
3   Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
,
E. R. Ropelle
4   Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
,
D. Cintra
4   Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
,
C. T. de Souza
5   Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
,
C. R. Bueno
6   Human Genome Research Center, USP, SP, Brazil
,
A. S. da Silva
1   School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History



accepted after revision 24 September 2014

Publication Date:
09 February 2015 (online)

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Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of 3 overtraining (OT) protocols on the glial activation and apoptosis in the spinal cords of mice. Rodents were divided into control (C; sedentary mice), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). The incremental load test, ambulation test, exhaustive test and functional behavioural assessment were used as performance evaluation parameters. 36 h after the exhaustive test, the dorsal and ventral parts of the lumbar spinal cord (L4-L6) were dissected for subsequent protein analysis by immunoblotting. The OT protocols led to similar responses of some performance parameters. The ventral glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein levels were diminished in the OTR/up and OTR compared to CT and OTR/down groups. The ventral ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), and the dorsal GFAP and Iba-1 protein levels were increased in the OTR/down compared to the other groups. The ratio between the cleaved capase-3/caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 measured in the spinal cord were not sensitive to the OT protocols. In summary, the OTR/down activated the glial cells in the motor (i. e. Iba-1) and sensory (i. e. GFAP and Iba-1) neurons without leading to apoptosis.

Key words

overtraining protocols - spinal cord - glial activation - apoptosis - mice
 

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