Wirkfaktoren achtsamkeitsbasierter Suchttherapie

Zusammenfassung

Achtsamkeitsbasierte Therapieverfahren haben sich in den letzten Jahren aufgrund durchwegs akzeptabler Effektstärken als adjuvante Therapie bei Suchterkrankungen etabliert. Die Frage worauf die Wirkung dieses Therapieverfahrens beruht, fand allerdings weniger Beachtung. Dieser Beitrag versucht die bestehende Literatur hinsichtlich dieser Wirkfaktoren kritisch zu beleuchten. Es wird die These vertreten, dass die Verquickung allgemeiner (z. B. Wirkung auf Stress und Emotionsregulation) und suchtspezifischer Wirkfaktoren (z. B. Wirkung auf cue-reactivity und Suchtdruck) die suchtspezifische Wirksamkeit achtsamkeitsbasierter Verfahren begründen kann. Es sind allerdings noch einige wichtige Fragen wie z. B. für welche Subgruppen welches therapeutisches Setting am effizientesten ist unbeantwortet. Daher werden abschließend offene Forschungsfragen formuliert, die die Effizienz der eingesetzten Verfahren verbessern könnten.

Abstract

Due to satisfactory effect sizes mindfulness-based therapy has increasingly established itself as an adjunctive therapy for substance use disorders. Clarifying the active factors of mindfulness-based addiction therapy has been of minor interest. Based on a sound but critical overview on relevant scientific literature this article tries to identify contributing active factors. This article postulates that the combination of general (e. g. impact on stress and emotion-regulation) and addiction specific active factors (e. g. impact on cue-reactivity and craving) constitutes these satisfactory effect sizes. Relevant questions to increase the effects of mindfulness-based addiction therapy are formulated (e. g. for which sub-groups are which settings more effective).

Schlüsselwörter

achtsamkeitsbasierte Suchttherapie - allgemeine Wirkfaktoren - suchtspezifische Wirkfaktoren - Forschungsbedarf

Key words

mindfulness-based addiction therapy - general active factors - addiction specific action factors - need for further research

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