Treatment of Giant Arachnoid Cysts on Spinal Cord - Relevant Surgical Aspects

Abstract

Objectives The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that microsurgical resection of the posterior portion of giant spinal arachnoid cyst can be effective in the treatment of patients.

Methods We selected three cases that consecutively underwent spinal surgery with microsurgical technique who were admitted to our institution. They were treated and followed-up, rehabilitation being performed weekly and quarterly medical consultation. The three patients were informed about the research and ethical aspects and agreed to participate with the exposure of their complete medical history. All cases were approved by the Institutional Review Board. These three cases were used to illustrate the surgical treatment used by our team to discuss the best treatment option.

Results Three patients underwent microsurgical resection of the posterior portion of giant spinal arachnoid cyst. This surgical technique had its use justified by the possibility of reducing the incidence of CSF leak, since lesions were extradural. The treated patients presented clinical improvement, which was maintained for more than twelve months.

Conclusion Although some authors state that complete resection of the cyst is the best surgical option, we believe that, specifically on giant spinal arachnoid cysts, the resection of the posterior portion of the cysts may decrease postoperative CSF leak incidence. Furthermore, our series suggests that the adopted surgical treatment may lead to better functional outcomes while this treatment is performed for spinal decompression using a less invasive technique and, thus, leading to an earlier clinical improvement.

Resumo

Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar que ressecção microcirúrgica da porção posterior de um custo aracnóideo gigante na medula pode ser eficiente no tratamento de pacientes.

Métodos Três casos de pacientes admitidos em nossa instituição que foram submetidos à cirurgia da medula com técnica de microcirurgia, tratados e acompanhados com reabilitação realizada semanal e trimestralmente. Os três pacientes foram informados sobre a pesquisa e os aspectos éticos, concordando em participar com a publicação de seus históricos médicos. Todos os casos foram aprovados pelo Conselho Institucional de Revisão. Estes três casos foram usados para ilustrar o tratamento cirúrgico usado pela nossa equipe para discutir a melhor opção de tratamento.

Resultados Os três pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção microcirúrgica da porção posterior de um custo aracnóideo gigante na medula. Esta técnica cirúrgica teve seu uso justificado pela possibilidade de redução da incidência de vazamento de líquido cerebroespinal (CSF leak), desde que as lesões sejam extradural. Os pacientes tratados apresentaram melhoria clínica, mantida por mais de doze meses.

Conclusão Apesar de alguns autores afirmarem que a ressecção completa do cisto é a melhor opção cirúrgica, acreditamos que, especificamente para cistos aracnóideos gigantes da medula, a ressecção da porção posterior do cisto deve reduzir a incidência de CSF leak pós-operatório. Além disso, nossos resultados sugerem que o tratamento cirúrgico adotado possa levar a resultados funcionais melhores enquanto este tratamento for usado para descompressão espinhal usando a técnica menos invasiva, consequentemente permitindo melhora clínica antecipada.

Keywords

arachnoid cyst - spine surgery - spinal cord - microsurgery - neurosurgery

Palavras-chave

cisto aracnóideo - cirurgia da espinha - medula espinhal - microcirurgia - neurocirurgia

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