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Semin Thromb Hemost 2017; 43(03): 277-290
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597296
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Laboratory Assessment of Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Jonathan Douxfils
1   Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
,
Robert C. Gosselin
2   University of California, Davis Health System, Sacramento, California
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
01 March 2017 (online)

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Abstract

Oral vitamin K anticoagulation (warfarin, Coumadin, coumarin) has long been used for long-term treatment and prophylaxis in a variety of clinical settings. Given the unpredictable pharmacokinetic and food impact of warfarin, episodic monitoring is required. Since the early 2000s, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) entered into clinical trials as a potential alternative strategy to oral vitamin K antagonists for long-term anticoagulation. As these drugs have predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, there was no requirement for episodic or routine monitoring. However, shortly after their introduction into clinical use, it became apparent that certain emergent or acute situations may require some capacity to measure these drugs, especially in a bleeding patient with DOAC exposure. The scramble for literature and data to support or suggest laboratory methods which can rapidly and accurately quantify or estimate DOAC concentration soon began. This review describes the literature to date, and recommendations for laboratories to provide tests that will assure either the presence/absence of DOAC or the capacity to quantify DOAC using rapid methods that could be implemented on most clinical laboratory instruments.

Keywords

apixaban - dabigatran - edoxaban - rivaroxaban - prothrombin time - activated partial thromboplastin time - dilute thrombin time - Ecarin - anti-Xa
 

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