Abstract
Novel graft types, fixation methods, and means for augmenting anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) reconstructions require preclinical validation prior to safe and effective clinical
application. The objective of this study was to describe and validate a translational
canine model for all-inside arthroscopic complete ACL reconstruction using a quadriceps
tendon allograft with internal brace (QTIB). With institutional approval, adult research
hounds underwent complete transection of the native ACL followed by all-inside ACL
reconstruction using the novel QTIB construct with suspensory fixation (n = 10). Contralateral knees were used as nonoperated controls (n = 10). Dogs were assessed over a 6-month period using functional, diagnostic imaging,
gross, biomechanical, and histologic outcome measures required for preclinical animal
models. Study results suggest that the novel QTIB construct used for complete ACL
reconstruction can provide sustained knee stability and function without the development
of premature osteoarthritis in a rigorous and valid preclinical model. The unique
configuration of the QTIB construct—the combination of a tendon allograft with a synthetic
suture tape internal brace—allowed for an effective biologic–synthetic load-sharing
ACL construct. It prevented early failure, allowed for direct, four-zone graft-to-bone
healing, and functional graft remodeling while avoiding problems noted with use of
all-synthetic grafts.
Keywords
anterior cruciate ligament - reconstruction - allograft - arthroscopy - animal model
