Nephroprotective effect of Clinacanthus nutans against cisplatin-induced human kidney cell (PCS-400 – 010)

Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) Lind. locally known as Belalai Gajah or Sabah snake grass is a medicinal plant from family of Acantaceae. In Southeast Asia, this plant is traditionally used for treating skin rashes, insects and snake bites, diabetes mellitus, fever and has diuretic effect. C. nutans has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-viral activity. Our previous studies have shown that, this plant could improve the cell viability due to cisplatin exposure on rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E). Subsequently, we have explored the protective effect of the C. nutans leaves on primary human kidney cell (PCS-400 – 010). Eight different solvent extracts of Clinacanthus nutans leaves were tested against cisplatin induced PCS-400 – 010. The aqueous extract showed a protective effect against the induced cell line based on the improvement of the percentage viability in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenese (LDH) assay. The effect was observed after 24h pretreatment of the extract and 48h cisplatin exposure afterwards. Among the cisplatin concentrations, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 uM, used for induction, 5 and 10 uM exhibited significant changes. LCMS based metabolomic approach coupled with multivariate data statistical analysis was used to assess the changes in the intracellular metabolic profile in PCS-400 – 010, due to the pretreatment of the extract in the presence or absence of cisplatin.