Pregnancy Loss in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Michael D. Lockshin

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1615891

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 1999; 82(02): 641-648
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615891

Research Article

Schattauer GmbH

Pregnancy Loss in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Michael D. Lockshin

¹Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery and Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Full Text

References

References
1 Gharavi AE, Sammaritano LR, Wen J, Miyawaki N, Morse JH, Zarrabi MH, Lockshin MD. Characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus and chlorpromazine induced antiphospholipid antibodies: effect of beta 2 glycoprotein I on binding to phospholipid. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 94-99.
2 Gharavi AE, Pierangeli SS. Origin of antiphospholipid antibodies: induction of aPL by viral peptides. Lupus 1998; 7: S52-S54.
3 Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, Lockshin MD, Branch DW. International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome: report of an international workshop. Submitted for publication
4 Sheng Y, Kandiah DA, Krilis SA. Beta2-glycoprotein I: target antigen for ‘antiphospholipid’ antibodies. Immunological and molecular aspects. Lupus 1998; 7: S5-S9.
5 Koike T, Ichikawa K, Kasahara H, Atsumi T, Tsutsumi A, Matsuura E. Epitopes on beta 2-GPI recognized by anticardiolipin antibodies. Lupus 1998; 7: S14-S17.
6 Harris EN, Spinnato JA. Should anticardiolipin tests be performed in otherwise healthy pregnant women?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1272-1277.
7 Lockwood CJ, Romero R, Feinberg RF, Clyne LP, Coster B, Hobbins JC. The prevalence and biologic significance of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in a general obstetric population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 369-373.
8 Rix P, Stentoft J, Aunsholt NA, Dueholm M, Tilma KA, Hoier-Madsen M. Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies in an obstetric population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992; 71: 605-609.
9 Lynch A, Marler R, Murphy J, Davila G, Santos M, Rutledge J, Emlen W. Antiphospholipid antibodies in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 470-475.
10 Infante-Rivard C, David M, Gauthier R, Rivard GE. Lupus anticoagulants, anticardiolipin antibodies, and fetal loss. A case-control study. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1063-1066.
11 Haddow JE, Rote NS, Dostal-Johnson D, Palomaki GE, Pulkkinen AJ, Knight GJ. Lack of an association between late fetal death and antiphospholipid antibody measurements in the second trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1308-1312.
12 Parke AL, Wilson D, Maier D. The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion, women with successful pregnancies, and women who have never been pregnant. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 1231-1235.
13 Out HJ, Bruinse HW, Christiaens GC, van Vliet M, de Groot PG, Nieuwenhuis HK, Derksen RH. A prospective, controlled multicenter study on the obstetric risks of pregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 26-32.
14 Petri M, Golbus M, Anderson R, Whiting-O’Keefe Q, Corash L, Hellman D. Antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibody in women with idiopathic habitual abortion. A controlled, prospective study of forty-four women. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30: 601-606.
15 Houwert-de Jong MH, Termijtelen A, Eskes TK, Mantingh A, Bruinse HW. The natural course of habitual abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1989; 33: 221-228.
16 Vlaanderen W, Treffers PE. Prognosis of subsequent pregnancies after recurrent spontaneous abortion in first trimester. Br Med J 1987; 295: 92-93.
17 Parazzini F, Acaia B, Ricciardiello O, Fedele L, Liati P, Candiani GB. Short-term reproductive prognosis when no cause can be found for recurrent miscarriage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 95: 654-658.
18 Cauchi MN, Pepperell R, Kloss M, Lim D. Predictors of pregnancy success in repeated miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 1991; 26: 72-75.
19 Knudsen UB, Hansen V, Juul S, Secher NJ. Prognosis of a new pregnancy following previous spontaneous abortions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 39: 31-36.
20 Nakamura N, Ban T, Yamaji K, Yoneda Y, Wada Y. Localization of the apoptosis-inducing activity of lupus anticoagulant in an annexin V-binding antibody subset. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 1951-1959.
21 Manfredi AA, Rovere P, Galati G, Heltai S, Bozzolo E, Soldini L, Davoust J, Balestrieri G, Tincani A, Sabbadini MG. Apoptotic cell clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Opsonization by antiphospholipid antibodies. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 205-214.
22 Bordron A, Dueymes Y, Levy Y, Jamin C, Ziporen L, Piette JC, Shoenfeld Y, Youinou P. Anti-endothelial cell antibody binding makes negatively charged phospholipids accessible to antiphospholipid antibodies. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 1738-1747.
23 Rote NS, Vogt E, DeVere G, Obringer AR, Ng AK. The role of placental trophoblast in the pathophysiology of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998; 39: 125-136.
24 Sammaritano LR, Gharavi AE, Soberano C, Levy RA, Lockshin MD. Phospholipid binding of antiphospholipid antibodies and placental anticoagulant protein. J Clin Immunol 1992; 12: 27-35.
25 Rand JH, Wu XX, Andree HA, Lockwood CJ, Guller S, Scher J, Harpel PC. Pregnancy loss in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome¾a possible thrombogenic mechanism. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 154-160.
26 Pierangeli SS, Liu XW, Barker JH, Anderson G, Harris EN. Induction of thrombosis in a mouse model by IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulins from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Haemost 1995; 74: 1361-1367.
27 Shoenfeld Y, Ziporen L. Lessons from experimental APS models. Lupus 1998; 7: S158-S161.
28 La Rosa L, Meroni PL, Tincani A, Balestrieri G, Faden D, Lojacono A, Morassi L, Brocchi E, Del Papa N, Gharavi A, Sammaritano L, Lockshin M. Beta 2 glycoprotein I and placental anticoagulant protein I in placentae from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1684-1693.
29 Ikematsu W, Luan FL, La Rosa L, Beltrami B, Nicoletti F, Buyon JP, Meroni PL, Balestrieri G, Casali P. Human anticardiolipin monoclonal autoantibodies cause placental necrosis and fetal loss in BALB/c mice. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 1026-1039.
30 Magid MS, Kaplan C, Sammaritano LR, Peterson M, Druzin ML, Lockshin MD. Placental pathology in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179: 226-234.
31 Shoenfeld Y. Induction of experimental primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndromes in naive mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 1992; 28: 219-221.
32 Fishman P, Falach-Vaknine E, Zigelman R, Bakimer R, Sredni B, Djaldetti M, Shoenfeld Y. Prevention of fetal loss in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome by in vivo administration of recombinant interleukin-3. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 1834-1837.
33 Birkenfeld A, Mukaida T, Minichiello L, Jackson M, Kase NG, Yemini M. Incidence of autoimmune antibodies in failed embryo transfer cycles. Am J Reprod Immunol 1994; 31: 65-68.
34 Gleicher N, Pratt D, Dudkiewicz AB. Autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization patients. Fertil Steril 1992; 58: 863-865.
35 Sthoeger ZM, Mozes E, Tartakovsky B. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies induce pregnancy failure by impairing embryonic implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 6464-6467.
36 Oshiro BT, Silver RM, Scott JR, Yu H, Branch DW. Antiphospholipid antibodies and fetal death. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 489-493.
37 Branch DW, Andres R, Digre KB, Rote NS, Scott JR. The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with severe preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 73: 541-545.
38 Ilbery M, Jones AR, Sampson J. Lupus anticoagulant and HELLP syndrome complicated by placental abruption, hepatic, dermal and adrenal infarction. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 35: 215-217.
39 Alsulyman OM, Castro MA, Zuckerman E, McGehee W, Goodwin TM. Preeclampsia and liver infarction in early pregnancy associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88: 644-646.
40 Kon SP, Kwan JT, Raftery MJ. Reversible renal failure due to the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, pre-eclampsia and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. Clin Nephrol 1995; 44: 271-273.
41 Mor F, Beigel Y, Inbal A, Goren M, Wysenbeek AJ. Hepatic infarction in a patient with the lupus anticoagulant. Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 491-495.
42 Lima F, Khamashta MA, Buchanan NM, Kerslake S, Hunt BJ, Hughes GR. A study of sixty pregnancies in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996; 14: 131-136.
43 Navarro F, Dona-Naranjo MA, Villanueva I. Neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 1240-1241.
44 Pollard JK, Scott JR, Branch DW. Outcome of children born to women treated during pregnancy for the antiphospholipid syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80: 365-368.
45 Kutteh WH. Antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss: treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin is superior to low-dose aspirin alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 1584-1589.
46 Kutteh WH, Ermel LD. A clinical trial for the treatment of antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss with lower dose heparin and aspirin. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35: 402-407.
47 Rai R, Cohen H, Dave M, Regan L. Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies. Brit Med J 1997; 314: 253-257.
48 Cowchock FS, Reece EA, Balaban D, Branch DW, Plouffe L. Repeated fetal losses associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a collaborative randomized trial comparing prednisone with low-dose heparin treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1318-1323.
49 Nelson-Piercy C. Review: Heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy. Lupus 1997; 6: 500-504.
50 Dahlman TC, Sjoberg HE, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density during long-term prophylaxis with heparin in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1315-1320.
51 Dulitzki M, Pauzner R, Langevitz P, Pras M, Many A, Schiff E. Low-molecular weight heparin during pregnancy and delivery: preliminary experience with 41 pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 380-383.
52 Pregnancy Loss Study Group. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind pilot study of IVIG therapy during pregnancy in women with antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 1998; 7: S196a.