Ganzkörpervibrationstraining – ein neuer Ansatz in der Osteoporoseprävention?

Zusammenfassung

Ganzkörpervibrationstraining ist eine neue Trainingsmethode, deren Effektivität zur Osteoporoseprävention derzeit untersucht wird. In tierexperimentellen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass mechanische Reize mit geringer Intensität eine hohe osteoanabole Wirkung entfalten, wenn sie mit einer hohen Reizfrequenz appliziert werden. Im Gegensatz dazu weisen die wenigen klinischen Vibrationsstudien mit humanen Kollektiven heterogene Ergebnisse auf. Dennoch deuten sie darauf hin, dass Ganzkörpervibrationstraining auch beim Menschen einen Effekt im Zusammenhang mit der positiven Beeinflussung osteoporotischer Risikofaktoren haben könnte. Die Interpretation der Studienergebnisse zur Aussprache konkreter Trainingsempfehlungen gestaltet sich auf Grund großer Unterschiede hinsichtlich des angewendeten Vibrationsreizes, der Trainingsprotokolle, der untersuchten Kollektive und der gewählten osteodensitometrischen Endpunkte äußerst schwierig. Sollte der positive Effekt von Vibrationstraining in weiteren Studien bestätigt werden, so würde dieses Training besonders für ältere Menschen, bei denen intensive, knochenwirksame Reize innerhalb eines körperlichen Trainings schwer realisierbar sind, eine wirksame Methode zur Reduktion des Osteoporoserisikos darstellen.

Summary

The efficiency of whole body vibration (WBV) for the prevention of osteoporosis is currently being investigated. In animal studies low intensity mechanical stimuli proved to be osteogenic, if they were applied at high frequencies. In animals whole body vibration was highly effective in increasing bone mineral density and bone strength of loaded bones. The results of the very few clinical vibration trials are heterogenous. However, they suggest that WBV may have the potential to reduce osteoporotic risk factors for humans as well. The interpretation of the study results in order to define training recommendations is difficult because of the great differences in the applied vibration stimuli, in the training protocols, in the sample characteristics and in the osteodensitometric measurements. If the benefit of WBV will be confirmed in further studies, WBV training will be a suitable method for reducing the risk of osteoporosis especially in the elderly because due to safety reasons high intensity training stimuli can hardly be realized in this group.

Schlüsselwörter

Osteoporose - Training - Ganzkörpervibration - Knochendichte

Keywords

Osteoporosis - training - whole body vibration - bone mineral density

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