Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung bei weiblichen, domestizierten Neuweltkameliden^[*]

Zusammenfassung

In Deutschland werden immer mehr Neuweltkameliden gehalten. Besitzer und Züchter sind in der Regel gut über ihre Tiere informiert. Für betreuende Tierärzte gilt daher, über den neuesten veterinärmedizinischen Kenntnisstand zu verfügen, auch in Bezug auf die Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung. Besonderheiten der Fortpflanzung bei Neuweltkameliden sind eine induzierte Ovulation, keine zyklische Sexualaktivität, eine relativ lange Trächtigkeitsdauer von 336–349 Tagen und überwiegend Linkshornträchtigkeiten. Im Rahmen der gynäkologischen Untersuchung spielt die Ultrasonographie eine wichtige Rolle. Generell kann ultrasonographisch transrektal sowie transkutan in der linken oder rechten Flanke untersucht werden. Bei der transrektalen Ultrasonographie muss sehr vorsichtig vorgegangen werden, um Rektumverletzungen vorzubeugen. Eine akkurate Trächtigkeitsdiagnose ist transrektal ab dem 20. und transkutan ab dem 50.–60. (von links) bzw. ab dem 90. Trächtigkeitstag (von rechts) möglich. Die Ultrasonographie eignet sich zudem zur Untersuchung des nichttragenden Uterus und der Ovarien. Basierend auf einer 5-jährigen Praxis in Beständen mit domestizierten Neuweltkameliden werden die Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung dieser Tiere beschrieben, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf der ultrasonographischen Untersuchung der Genitalorgane liegt.

Summary

The number of New World camelids in Germany is increasing. Owners and breeders are usually well educated regarding their animals. For practitioners, this means being up-to-date with respect to their veterinary knowledge. This includes the physiology and pathology of reproduction. Specifics of reproduction in domesticated New World camelids are an induced ovulation, the absence of cyclic sexual activity, a relatively long gestation of 336–349 days and a predominantly left-horn gestation. Ultrasonography plays an important role as part of the gynecological examination. Generally, the ultrasonographic examination can be performed transrectally and transcutaneously in the left or right flanks. Transrectal ultrasonography has to be carried out with particular caution to avoid rectal injuries. An accurate pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal scanning is possible starting from day 20 of pregnancy; using transcutaneous scanning, diagnosis is accurate starting on days 50–60 (left flank) or from day 90 (right flank) of pregnancy, respectively. Ultrasonography is also appropriate to examine the nongravid uterus and the ovaries. Based on 5 years of experience working with farmed New World camelids, the article describes the physiology and pathology of reproduction in domesticated New World camelids. Particular consideration is given to the ultrasonographical examination of the genital organs.

Schlüsselwörter

Lama - Alpaka - Fortpflanzung - gynäkologische Untersuchung - Ultrasonographie

Key words

Llama - alpaca - reproduction - gynaecological examination - ultrasonography

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