Depression und Suizidalität

Zusammenfassung

Mit jährlich circa 10 000 Suiziden und circa 200 000 Suizidversuchen stellt suizidales Verhalten in Deutschland eine Herausforderung für das Gesundheits- und Versorgungssystem dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden ausgewählte Aspekte wie Alters- und Geschlechtsunterschiede suizidaler Handlungen, Entstehungsmodelle und Präventionsansätze diskutiert. Hierbei wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob psychosoziale Aspekte wie beispielsweise Stress oder Arbeitslosigkeit sowie körperliche Erkrankungen als kausale Faktoren für suizidales Verhalten überbewertet werden. Gute Belege liegen dafür vor, dass in Europa ein Großteil der Suizide und Suizidversuche vor dem Hintergrund psychiatrischer und insbesondere depressiver Erkrankungen erfolgt. Wegen dieser engen Assoziation ist eine verbesserte Versorgung und Behandlung depressiv Erkrankter ein zentraler Baustein in Suizidpräventionsprogrammen. Das Deutschland- und europaweit implementierte und evaluierte gemeindebasierte 4-Ebenen-Interventionsprogramm der Stiftung Deutsche Depressionshilfe kombiniert die Ziele einer optimierten Versorgung depressiv Erkrankter und der Prävention suizidaler Handlungen.

Summary

With approximately 10 000 suicides and 200 000 suicide attempts each year in Germany, suicidal behaviour poses a challenge to the health care system. In this article, specific aspects such as age and gender differences in suicidal behaviour, etiological considerations and prevention strategies are discussed. Thereby it is questioned whether psychosocial aspects, such as stress or unemployment as well as physical illness are overestimated as causal factors for suicidal behaviour. There is strong evidence that the majority of suicide attempts and completed suicides in Europe occurs in the context of psychiatric disorders, particularly depressive disorders. Due to this strong association, improved care and treatment of depressed individuals is a core component in suicide prevention programmes. The community-based 4-level intervention programme of the German Depression Foundation, that has been implemented and evaluated in Germany and Europe, combines the aims of an improved care of depressed patients and that of preventing suicidal behaviour.

Schlüsselwörter

Depression - Suizid - Prävention

Keywords

Depression - suicide - prevention

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