Funktionell-kernspintomographische Aktivierungsstudien zur zerebralen Organisation der Sprechmotorik

Zusammenfassung

Eine Vielzahl klinischer und experimenteller Daten weisen auf eine funktionelle Lateralität der Sprachverarbeitung bei fast allen Rechts- und den meisten Linkshändern zugunsten der linken Hirnhälfte hin. Auf der Grundlage von Läsionsstudien wurde eine Unterteilung der anterioren perisylviischen Sprachregion der dominanten Hemisphäre in zwei distinkte funktionelle Systeme vorgenommen: Das frontale Operkulum dient der Initiierung lautsprachlicher Kommunikation, wohingegen die unteren Anteile des Gyrus praecentralis zur Kontrolle artikulatorischer Bewegungsabläufe beitragen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stützt sich auf die Technik der funktionellen Kernspintomographie, um die Fragen nach Lateralitätseffekten auf der Ebene der präzentralen Rinde in Bezug auf die zerebrale Organisation der Sprechmotorik weiter zu verfolgen.

Summary

A multitude of clinical and experimental data support the hypothesis that language processing is processed predominantly in the left hemisphere in most right as well as left-handed humans. Based on lesion studies a functional compartimentalization of the left inferior dorsolateral frontal lobe was performed into two distinct cerebral systems: the frontal operculum subserving planning and initiation of articulatory movements whereas the lower part of the precentral gyrus seems to be involved into speech motor control mechanisms of articulatory movements. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study was performed to clarify different aspects of laterality effects at the level of precentral gyrus concerning speech motor control.

Schlüsselwörter

Funktionelle Kernspintomographie (fMRT) - zerebrale Organisation - Sprechmotorik - vordere Insel - Motorkortex - Basalganglien - Zerebellum

Keywords

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) - cerebral organisation - speech motor control - anterior insula - motor cortex - basal ganglia - cerebellum

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