Abstract
Kinematic alignment (KA), which co-aligns the rotational axes of the components with
three kinematic axes of the knee by aligning the components to the prearthritic joint
lines, has been a recently introduced surgical technique. However, whether KA and
cruciate retaining (CR) implants provide better biomechanical function during activities
than mechanical alignment (MA) in posterior stabilized (PS) implants is unclear. We
evaluated the biomechanical functions during the stance phase gait and deep knee bend,
with a computer simulation and measured forces in the medial and lateral collateral
ligaments and medial and lateral contact stresses in the polyethylene insert and patellar
button. The forces on the medial collateral ligament in KA were lower than those in
MA in both CR and PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions, whereas
those on the lateral collateral ligament did not show any difference between the two
surgical alignment techniques in the stance phase gait condition. The maximum contact
stresses on the medial PE inserts in KA were lower than those in MA in both CR and
PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions. However, the maximum
contact stresses on the lateral PE inserts and the patellar button did not differ
between MA and KA. The biomechanical function was superior in KA TKA than in MA TKA,
and KA was more effective in CR TKA. This comparison could be used as a reference
by surgeons to reduce the failure rates by using KA TKA instead of MA TKA.
Keywords
total knee arthroplasty - kinematic alignment - mechanical alignment - finite element
analysis
