Abstract
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of cases of prenatally-diagnosed congenital pulmonary airway
malformation (CPAM).
Methods We retrospectively evaluated cases of prenatally-diagnosed CPAM between 2004 and
2018. Ultrasonographic features such as visualization of a fetal lung mass and heterogeneous
pulmonary parenchyma were used for CPAM diagnosis. Prenatal and postnatal findings
were compared in terms of accuracy regarding the CPAM diagnosis.
Results The sample consisted of 27 cases. There were four cases in which the patients opted
for the termination of pregnancy due to the severity of the lesion. A total of 23
neonates were delivered, and CPAM was confirmed in 15 cases. The median gestational
age at delivery was 37 weeks (28–40 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 2,776 g.
There were two neonatal deaths, one due to pneumothorax, and the other due to hypoplastic
left heart syndrome (HLHS). A total of five patients with respiratory problems were
operated in the postpartum period. There were eight misdiagnosis: bronchopulmonary
sequestration (five cases), congenital lobar emphysema (two cases), and congenital
diaphragm hernia (one case).
Conclusion A precise postnatal diagnosis is very important to organize the proper management
of the pregnancies with fetuses with CPAM. The positive predictive value of the prenatal
diagnosis of CPAM via ultrasonography is of 70.3%. The differential diagnosis of CPAM
may be prolonged to the postpartum period in some cases.
Keywords
prenatal diagnosis - congenital pulmonary airway malformation - congenital lung masses
