J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2020; 81(S 01): S1-S272
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702526
Oral Presentations
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Recovery of Cranial Nerve Deficits in Patients Presenting with Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Series

Mohammed Alahmari
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Fahad Alkherayf
2   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Andrea Lasso
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Fatmahalzahra Banaz
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Sepideh Mohajeri
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Pourya Masoudian
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Andre Lamothe
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Charles Agbi
2   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Lisa Caulley
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Mohammad Alshardan
2   Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
,
Shaun Kilty
1   Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
05 February 2020 (online)

 

Background: Pituitary tumors account for up to 15% of all intracranial tumors, 90% of which are adenomas.

One of the rare but urgent presentations of a pituitary tumor is pituitary apoplexy (PA). Typically, patients with PA present emergently with a symptom cluster that may include sudden severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and new-onset impairment of the visual acuity with or without visual field defect. Occasionally, these patients may exhibit other cranial nerve palsies. These manifestations are due to the sudden increase of the tumor size due to intratumor hemorrhage and/or infarction. Usually, hypopituitarism develops as a result of gland ischemia. After patient stabilization and hormonal replacement, surgical decompression is often recommended with controversy on the timing of intervention. In this case series, we describe our experience regarding the cranial nerve recovery in patients with pituitary apoplexy following the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal (EETS).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort, single institutional study.

Methods: Institutional REB approval was attained for a retrospective review of all EETS cases for pituitary tumor resection between November 2009 and August 2018. Queries of the hospital database were completed by medical records personnel to identify cases of pituitary tumor apoplexy treated using the EETS approach. Patient characteristics, tumor type, endocrine data, and operation characteristics were then extracted from medical records pertaining to patient baseline characteristics. Postoperative results were extracted for the duration of the follow-up period available for each patient.

Results: A total of 15 cases of pituitary apoplexy were identified. Several cranial nerve deficits were present at admission. 33% of patients had a visual deficit; 47% had unilateral 3rd nerve palsy; and 27% had a unilateral 6th nerve palsy. No patients had 4th nerve palsy. Following EETS, there was significant recovery for all cranial nerve deficits. Postoperatively, 60% of patients with preoperative visual deficit had normal visual fields postoperatively and the other 40% showed improvement. For those with oculomotor nerve dysfunction preoperatively, 43% had returned to normal cranial nerve function, 57% had improvement and abducens nerve palsy resolved in 75% postoperatively, and 25% demonstrated improvement.