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Am J Perinatol 2021; 38(S 01): e77-e83
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705168
Original Article

Influence of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risk of Preterm Birth for Underweight Women Living in Food Deserts

Juliana Madzia 
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
David McKinney
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
Elizabeth Kelly
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
2   Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
,
Emily DeFranco
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
2   Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
› Institutsangaben Funding This study was supported by Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, March of Dimes Grant: 22-FY14-470, and National Institutes of Health, Institutional Research Training Grants (T32), grant: 2T32GM063483-16.
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Abstract

Objective Preterm birth (PTB) and food insecurity are two of the most significant public health crises in the United States. Effects of being underweight among populations with low food security are not well understood. We assess whether the protective effect of gestational weight gain (GWG) for women with low prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) differs by accessibility to sources of healthy food.

Study Design Population-based retrospective cohort study using Ohio birth records analyzing all live births, 2006 to 2015. Analyses were stratified by maternal BMI (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese), Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended GWG (under vs. met), and whether the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) classified the residential census tract for each birth as a food desert. Food access data were retrieved from the USDA's 2018 Food Access Research Atlas. Covariates were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Logistic regression models estimated the risk ratio (RR) of PTB for each group based on under or exceeded recommended GWG (reference = met), adjusting for coexisting risk factors.

Results Analysis was performed on 1,124,299 births. PTB risk was highest for underweight women below GWG recommendations (no food desert: 21.3%, RR = 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81–2.57; food desert: 21.0%, RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.96–2.21). Underweight women living in food deserts who exceeded GWG recommendations had lower PTB risk than those who met GWG recommendations (13.5 vs. 14.3%, RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.51–1.41). Factors other than GWG significantly associated with PTB included in the adjusted analysis include maternal age and race, education, marital status, interpregnancy interval, and presence of prepregnancy diabetes or hypertension.

Conclusion Underweight women who do not meet GWG recommendations are at high risk for PTB. Increasing pregnancy weight gain to a level that exceeds IOM recommendations was not associated with a reduction in PTB risk for underweight women who reside in food deserts compared with women who met GWG recommendations.

Key Points

  • Women with low prepregnancy BMI are at high risk of PTB.

  • Food insecurity increases the risk of PTB for underweight women.

  • Excessive GWG for underweight women in food deserts does not reduce PTB risk.

Keywords

preterm birth - gestational weight gain - food insecurity - food desert

Note

The abstract for this study has been submitted for consideration in presentation at the 2019 Annual Pregnancy Meeting of the Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. This study includes data provided by the Ohio Department of Health, which should not be considered an endorsement of this study or its conclusions.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 07. November 2019

Angenommen: 28. Januar 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
04. März 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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