Abstract
Primary smooth muscle tumours of the thyroid gland are extremely rare neoplasms. There
are concerns regarding the management of such disease due to its rarity. Around 22
cases have been reported in the literature till date. In this study, the case of a
63year old female patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging anterior neck mass
over the period of 3 months is reported. The patient underwent thyroidectomy with
tracheostomy and radiotherapy for the treatment of primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid
gland. Due to similar clinical presentation as anaplastic carcinoma, diagnosis of
primary thyroid leiomyosarcomas is difficult and maybe misdiagnosed. Hence the combined
assessment of clinical, imaging and pathological data is required.Immunohistochemical
analysis is a gold standard for diagnosis. Diagnosis and treatment of the current
patient with primary thyroid leiomyosarcomaand a comprehensive review of the relevant
literature are presented herein
