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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2020; 17(02): 069-073
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713078
Review Article

The Role of Microglia in Cerebral Traumatic Injury and its Therapeutic Implications

Huber S. Padilla-Zambrano
1   Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Harsh Deora 
2   Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
,
Mohamed Arnout
3   Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
,
Romario Mendoza-Florez
1   Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Wiston Eduardo Cardenas-Chavez
1   Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Monica Patricia Herrera-Martinez
1   Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Michael Gregorio Ortega-Sierra
4   Rafael Núñez University Corporation, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
,
Amit Agrawal
5   Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
1   Biomedical Research Center (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group Research Line, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain such as synaptic remodeling, damage repair of the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS’ inflammatory response to peripheral infections. The response depends on the type of insult and infection and includes a range of variety of activation states, the duration of which will decide the outcome. In response to traumatic brain injury (TBI), early activation can lead to early restoration of function, while prolonged and continuous activation can cause neurodegeneration states. Current evidence, however, states that this may not be the case. In this article, we discuss this seldom understood topic of microglia response to TBI, and analyze their distribution, function and possible sites of manipulation. Animal studies have allowed genetic and pharmacological manipulations of microglia activation, in order to define their role. Microglia activation can be remote to the site of injury, and thus their manipulation may play a significant role in the response to any trauma.

Keywords

microglia - traumatic brain injury - inflammation - neurodegeneration - diffuse axonal injury


Publication History

Article published online:
02 September 2020

© .

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
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