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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2021; 18(01): 01-06
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713724
Review Article

Collateral Circulation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review

Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas
1   Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
B. V. Murlimanju
2   Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Yeider A. Durango-Espinosa
1   Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Andrei F. Joaquim
3   Neurosurgery Division, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar Department of Neurology, State University of Campinas, Campinas-Sao Paulo, Brazil
,
Harold E. Vasquez
4   Universidad del Sinu, Cartagena de Indias, Consejo Latinoamericano de Neurointensivismo (CLaNi), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
,
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
5   Neurosurgeon-Critical Care, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
,
Amit Agrawal
6   Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Surgery is the most common cause of spinal cord ischemia; it is also caused by hemodynamic changes, which disrupt the blood flow. Direct ligation of the spinal arteries, especially the Adamkiewicz artery is involved as well. Other causes of spinal cord ischemia include arteriography procedures, thoracic surgery, epidural and rachianesthesia, foraminal infiltration, arterial dissection, systemic hypotension, emboligenic heart disease, thoracic disc herniation, and compression. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the spinal cord is essential to develop optimal strategies for preventing ischemic injuries to the spinal cord. During ischemia, a rich network of intra and paraspinal collaterals allow enough blood flow to compensate the intensity of spinal cord ischemia. In case of interruption of flow of a main artery, the collateral artery increases its flow to maintain perfusion to the tissues. Avoiding spinal cord ischemia by using collateral circulation is necessary to prevent the establishment of hypovolemia, hyperthermia and elevations in venous pressures. The objective of this narrative review is to present the current concepts of spinal collateral circulation and its role in the setting of ischemic events, affecting the vascular supply of the spinal cord.

Keywords

collateral circulation - reperfusion injury - spinal cord ischemia - spinal cord - spinal injury


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
29. September 2020

© 2020. Neurotrauma Society of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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