Abstract
Despite the success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis presents as the most
common complication in implant dentistry. This review discusses various factors associated
with peri-implantitis and various available treatments, highlighting their advantages
and disadvantages. Relevant articles on peri-implantitis published in English were
reviewed from August 2010 to April 2020 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect.
The identified risk indicators of peri-implant diseases are plaque, smoking, history
of periodontitis, surface roughness, residual cement, emergence angle >30 degrees,
radiation therapy, keratinized tissue width, and function time of the implant, sex,
and diabetes. Peri-implantitis treatments can be divided into nonsurgical (mechanical,
antiseptic, and antibiotics), surface decontamination (chemical and laser), and surgical
(air powder abrasive, resective, and regenerative). However, mechanical debridement
alone may fail to eliminate the causative bacteria, and this treatment should be combined
with other treatments (antiseptics and surgical treatment). Surface decontamination
using chemical agents may be used as an adjuvant treatment; however, the definitive
clinical benefit is yet not proven. Laser treatment may result in a short-term decrease
in periodontal pocket depth, while air powder abrasive is effective in cleaning a
previously contaminated implant surface. Surgical elimination of a pocket, bone recontouring
and plaque control are also effective for treating peri-implantitis. The current evidence
indicates that regenerative approaches to treat peri-implant defects are unpredictable.
Keywords
dental implants - peri-implantitis - implant complications - decontamination - anti-infective
agents - periodontal debridement - bone regeneration
