Diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomografie und ihre potenziellen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Ophthalmologie

Zusammenfassung

Die diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomografie (DW-MRT oder engl. DWI) ist eine in der klinischen Routine für eine Vielzahl an Fragestellungen etablierte Untersuchungstechnik. DW-MRT basiert auf der Diffusion von Wasser im Körpergewebe bzw. Flüssigkeiten und misst die stochastische Bewegung von Wassermolekülen in selbigem intra- und extrazellulären Raum. Mit diesem Verfahren können sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Informationen, beispielsweise bez. der Zellularität von Gewebe, gewonnen werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomografie und ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der ophthalmologischen Bildgebung vor. Ausgehend von den physikalischen Grundlagen werden die technische Umsetzung sowie die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für ophthalmologische Fragestellungen anhand von Beispielen aus der aktuellen Forschung dargestellt.

Abstract

The value of diffusion-weighted magnet resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) has been demonstrated for an ever growing range of clinical indications. DWI is sensitive to the diffusion of water molecules and probes their random displacement within tissue. DWI provides both qualitative and quantitative information on tissue characteristics, e.g. tissue cellularity. This review provides an overview of diffusion-weighted imaging and its emerging applications in ophthalmology. The basic physics and technical foundations of DWI are introduced. The emerging applications of DWI are surveyed, particularly in diseases of the eye, orbit and optical nerve.

Schlüsselwörter

Magnetresonanztomografie - Diffusionsbildgebung - Tumor - ophthalmologische Bildgebung

Key words

MRI - diffusion - tumour - imaging

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