Nicht infektiöse Bindehauterkrankungen

Autoimmunreaktionen im Bereich der Augenoberfläche umfassen sowohl allergische Erkrankungen als auch durch autoreaktive T-Zellen bzw. zirkulierende Autoantikörper verursachte Krankheiten. Zu Letzteren zählen u. a.

• das okuläre Schleimhautpemphigoid,

• Augenbeteiligungen bei Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom
  sowie

• die okuläre Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD).

Gekennzeichnet sind alle 3 Erkrankungen durch eine autoimmunvermittelte Entzündung der Konjunktiva und des subkonjunktivalen Gewebes mit nachfolgender Vernarbungsreaktion. Am stärksten ist diese oft beim okulären Schleimhautpemphigoid ausgeprägt. Durch die oft lang anhaltende Entzündungsreaktion kommt es zur strukturellen Schädigung der Konjunktiva sowie der gesamten Augenoberfläche mit Keratopathie, Beteiligung der Lider, der Tränendrüse und Tränenwege.

• Literatur

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