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Semin Hear 2021; 42(01): 075-084
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726017
Review Article

The Association of Vision, Hearing, and Dual-Sensory Loss with Walking Speed and Incident Slow Walking: Longitudinal and Time to Event Analyses in the Health and Retirement Study

Ahmed F. Shakarchi
1   Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Lama Assi
1   Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
2   Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Abhishek Gami
3   Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Christina Kohn
2   Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Joshua R. Ehrlich
4   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
5   Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
,
Bonnielin K. Swenor
1   Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
6   Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
,
Nicholas S. Reed
2   Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
6   Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract

With the aging of the population, vision (VL), hearing (HL), and dual-sensory (DSL, concurrent VL and HL) loss will likely constitute important public health challenges. Walking speed is an indicator of functional status and is associated with mortality. Using the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative U.S. cohort, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship between sensory loss and walking speed. In multivariable mixed effects linear models, baseline walking speed was slower by 0.05 m/s (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.07) for VL, 0.02 (95% CI = 0.003–0.03) for HL, and 0.07 (95% CI = 0.05–0.08) for DSL compared with those without sensory loss. Similar annual declines in walking speeds occurred in all groups. In time-to-event analyses, the risk of incident slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.6 m/s) was 43% (95% CI = 25–65%), 29% (95% CI = 13–48%), and 35% (95% CI = 13–61%) higher among those with VL, HL, and DSL respectively, relative to those without sensory loss. The risk of incident very slow walking speed (walking speed < 0.4 m/s) was significantly higher among those with HL and DSL relative to those without sensory loss, and significantly higher among those with DSL relative to those with VL or HL alone. Addressing sensory loss and teaching compensatory strategies may help mitigate the effect of sensory loss on walking speed.

Keywords

hearing loss - vision loss - dual-sensory loss - aging - walking speed


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. April 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
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