Epidemiological Pattern of Traumatic Brain Injury in Brazil between 2008 and 2019

Abstract

Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a public health problem with high economic impact, as well as an important cause of death and sequela in polytrauma patients, affecting mainly young adults.

Objective To analyze the temporal trend of TBI incidence in Brazil between 2008 and 2019, according to age group and gender.

Methods An ecological study, based on secondary data from hospital admissions for TBI in all Brazilian states between 2008 and 2019. The numbers were collected using the hospital information system of the Unified Health System in Brazil. We performed a descriptive analysis using the data obtained. Linear regression models were used to measure the incidence trend of TBI in the period adopted.

Results The state of Piauí had the highest increase in the incidence of TBI in the country in the last 10 years (coefficient β = 63.43 e p = 0.002). The main concern, though, is the increase in the incidence of TBI amongst children (0–4 years old) in the states of Ceará (β = 31.22 and p < 0.001 for boys; β = 42.20 and p < 0.001 for girls), Paraná (β = 37.26 and p = 0.011 for boys; β = 25.90 and p = 0.015 for girls), Pernambuco (β = 20.08 and p = 0.016 for girls), Mato Grosso (β = 18.76 and p = 0.005 for boys; β = 16.11 and p = 0.035 for girls), and Distrito Federal (β = 48.87 and p = 0.004 for girls; β = 48.28 and p = 0.006 for boys).

Conclusion The analysis of the results is able to point out improvements that can be made. Besides that, it is remarkably important to redirect public polices to preventive medicine since many of the TBI causes are avoidable through awareness and education of the population.

Resumo

Introdução O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é um problema de saúde pública com alto impacto econômico, além de uma importante causa de morte e sequela em pacientes politraumatizados, afetando principalmente adultos jovens.

Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência de TCE no Brasil entre 2008 e 2019, segundo faixa etária e sexo.

Método Estudo ecológico, baseado em dados secundários de internações hospitalares por TCE em todos os estados brasileiros entre 2008 e 2019. Os números foram coletados por meio do sistema de informações hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Realizamos uma análise descritiva a partir dos dados obtidos. Modelos de regressão linear foram utilizados para medir a tendência da incidência de TCE no período adotado.

Resultados O estado do Piauí apresentou o maior aumento na incidência de TCE no país nos últimos dez anos (coeficiente β = 63,43 e p = 0,002). A principal preocupação, porém, é o aumento da incidência de TCE entre crianças (0-4 anos) nos estados do Ceará (β = 31,22 e p < 0,001 para meninos; β = 42,20 e p < 0,001 para meninas), Paraná (β = 37,26 e p = 0,011 para meninos; β = 25,90 e p = 0,015 para meninas), Pernambuco (β = 20,08 e p = 0,016 para meninas), Mato Grosso (β = 18,76 e p = 0,005 para meninos; β = 16,11 e p = 0,035 para meninas) e Distrito Federal (β = 48,87 e p = 0,004 para meninas; β = 48,28 e p = 0,006 para meninos).

Conclusão A análise dos resultados é capaz de apontar melhorias que podem ser feitas. Além disso, é extremamente importante redirecionar as políticas públicas para a medicina preventiva, uma vez que muitas das causas do TCE são evitáveis por meio da conscientização e educação da população.

Keywords

traumatic brain injury - trauma - incidence - epidemiology - Brazil

Palavras-chave

traumatismo cranioencefálico - trauma - incidência - epidemiologia - Brasil

Place or Institution where the Work was Developed, City, and Country

Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.

Sources of Funding

None.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The National Health Council of Brazil, by resolution 466/2012, exempts this type of study from the research ethics committee, since it is a transversal study and all data is available on the internet free of charge and anonymously.

Publication History

Received: 01 September 2020

Accepted: 09 March 2021

Article published online:
11 August 2021

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