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DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739278
Most Frequent Compressive Limb Neuropathies: A Literature Review
Neuropatias compressivas mais frequentes que acometem os membros: Revisão da literaturaAbstract
Peripheral nerve injuries vary in length and severity, and they can occur secondary to trauma, compression and ischemia, leading to both motor and sensory neurological deficits. Nerve compression can occur in both the upper and lower limbs. These injuries can affect the quality of life, including the total or partial loss of the individual's productive capacity. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical criteria, but they may also include imaging and electroneurophysiological studies. A clinical examination using the Tinel and Phalen tests, for example, may suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. Complementary exams are used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possibilities, and the most used are electroneuromyography (ENMG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US). Depending on the type of injury, recovery may be spontaneous or may require conservative or surgical treatment.
Resumo
As lesões nervosas periféricas variam em extensão e gravidade, as quais podem ocorrer secundárias a trauma, compressão e isquemia, e acarretam déficits neurológicos tanto motores quanto sensoriais. A compressão nervosa pode ocorrer nos membros superiores e inferiores. Estas lesões podem afetar a qualidade de vida, incluindo a perda total ou parcial da capacidade produtiva do indivíduo. Os métodos diagnósticos são baseados em critérios clínicos, mas também podem incluir métodos de imagem e estudos eletroneurofisiológicos. O exame clínico por meio dos testes de Tinel e de Phalen, por exemplo, pode sugerir síndrome do túnel do carpo. Os exames complementares servem para confirmar o diagnóstico e descartar outras possibilidades, sendo os mais utilizados a eletroneuromiografia (ENMG), a tomografia computadorizada (TC), a ressonância magnética (RM) e a ultrassonografia (US). De acordo com o tipo da lesão, a recuperação pode ser espontânea ou necessitar de tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico.
Keywords
entrapment neuropathy - median nerve neuropathy - ulnar neuropathy - radial neuropathy - meralgia paresthetica - peroneal neuropathyPalavras-chave
neuropatia por aprisionamento - neuropatia do nervo mediano - neuropatia radial - neuropatia ulnar - meralgia parestésica - neuropatia fibularPublication History
Received: 22 October 2020
Accepted: 16 June 2021
Article published online:
02 August 2022
© 2022. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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