Download PDF
Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32(01): 009-025
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739418
Original Article

Laparoscopic versus Open Pediatric Surgery: Three Decades of Comparative Studies

Rim Kiblawi 
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Christoph Zoeller
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
2   Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
,
Andrea Zanini 
3   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
,
Joachim F. Kuebler
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Carmen Dingemann
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Benno Ure
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
,
Nagoud Schukfeh
1   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction Despite its wide acceptance, the superiority of laparoscopic versus open pediatric surgery has remained controversial. There is still a call for well-founded evidence. We reviewed the literature on studies published in the last three decades and dealing with advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopy compared to open surgery.

Materials and Methods Studies comparing laparoscopic versus open abdominal procedures in children were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE. Reports on upper and lower gastrointestinal as hepatobiliary surgery and on surgery of pancreas and spleen were included. Advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery were analyzed for different types of procedures. Complications were categorized using the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results A total of 239 studies dealing with 19 types of procedures and outcomes in 929,157 patients were analyzed. We identified 26 randomized controlled trials (10.8%) and 213 comparative studies (89.2%). The most frequently reported advantage of laparoscopy was shorter hospital stay in 60.4% of studies. Longer operative time was the most frequently reported disadvantage of laparoscopy in 52.7% of studies. Clavien–Dindo grade I to III complications (mild–moderate) were less frequently identified in laparoscopic compared to open procedures (80.3% of studies). Grade-IV complications (severe) were less frequently reported after laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis and more frequently after laparoscopic Kasai's portoenterostomy. We identified a decreased frequency of reporting on advantages after laparoscopy and increased reporting on disadvantages for all surgery types over the decades.

Conclusion Laparoscopic compared with open pediatric surgery seems to be beneficial in most types of procedures. The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains limited. However, the number of reports on disadvantages increased during the past decades.

Keywords

minimally invasive surgical procedures - pediatrics - advantages - disadvantages - laparoscopy


Publication History

Received: 18 July 2021

Accepted: 06 September 2021

Article published online:
21 December 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Blinman T, Ponsky T. Pediatric minimally invasive surgery: laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in infants and children. Pediatrics 2012; 130 (03) 539-549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Lacher M, Kuebler JF, Dingemann J, Ure BM. Minimal invasive surgery in the newborn: current status and evidence. Semin Pediatr Surg 2014; 23 (05) 249-256
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Kuebler JF, Ure BM. Minimally invasive surgery in the neonate. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 16 (03) 151-156
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Macchini F, Zanini A, Morandi A, Ichino M, Leva E. Thoracoscopic surgery for congenital lung malformation using miniaturized 3-mm vessel sealing and 5-mm stapling devices: single-center experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30 (04) 444-447
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Ure BM, Bax NM, van der Zee DC. Laparoscopy in infants and children: a prospective study on feasibility and the impact on routine surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35 (08) 1170-1173
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Ure B. Enthusiasm, evidence and ethics: the triple E of minimally invasive pediatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48 (01) 27-33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 te Velde EA, Bax NMA, Tytgat SH. et al. Minimally invasive pediatric surgery: Increasing implementation in daily practice and resident's training. Surg Endosc 2008; 22 (01) 163-166
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Dingemann J, Kuebler JF, Ure BM. Laparoscopic and computer-assisted surgery in children. Scand J Surg 2011; 100 (04) 236-242
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Esposito C, Escolino M, Saxena A. et al. European Society of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgeons (ESPES) guidelines for training program in pediatric minimally invasive surgery. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31 (04) 367-373
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Dawe SR, Pena GN, Windsor JA. et al. Systematic review of skills transfer after surgical simulation-based training. Br J Surg 2014; 101 (09) 1063-1076
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Gray KD, Burshtein JG, Obeid L. et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy: minimally invasive surgery training improves outcomes in basic laparoscopic procedures. World J Surg 2018; 42 (06) 1706-1713
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Oomen MWN, Hoekstra LT, Bakx R, Heij HA. Learning curves for pediatric laparoscopy: how many operations are enough? The Amsterdam experience with laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. Surg Endosc 2010; 24 (08) 1829-1833
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Schukfeh N, Kuebler J, Dingemann J, Ure B. Thirty years of minimally invasive surgery in children: analysis of meta-analyses. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2019; 30 (05) 420-428
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Dingemann J, Ure BM. Systematic review of level 1 evidence for laparoscopic pediatric surgery: do our procedures comply with the requirements of evidence-based medicine?. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2013; 23 (06) 474-479
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009; 6 (07) e1000100
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien P-A. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 2004; 240 (02) 205-213
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Carrington EV, Hall NJ, Pacilli M. et al. Cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic versus open pyloromyotomy. J Surg Res 2012; 178 (01) 315-320
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Greason KL, Allshouse MJ, Thompson WmR, Rappold JF, Downey ECA. Prospective, randomized evaluation of laparoscopic versus open pyloromyotomy in the treatment of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Pediatr Endosurgery Innov Tech 1997; 1 (03) 175-179
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hall NJ, Pacilli M, Eaton S. et al. Recovery after open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis: a double-blind multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373 (9661): 390-398
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Leclair M-D, Plattner V, Mirallie E. et al. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (04) 692-698
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Siddiqui S, Heidel RE, Angel CA, Kennedy Jr AP. Pyloromyotomy: randomized control trial of laparoscopic vs open technique. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47 (01) 93-98
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 St Peter SD, Holcomb III GW, Calkins CM. et al. Open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis: a prospective, randomized trial. Ann Surg 2006; 244 (03) 363-370
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Saha N, Saha DK, Rahman MA, Aziz MA, Islam MK. Laparoscopic versus open pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertropic pyloric stenosis: an early experience. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21 (03) 430-434
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Fujimoto T, Lane GJ, Segawa O, Esaki S, Miyano T. Laparoscopic extramucosal pyloromyotomy versus open pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: which is better?. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34 (02) 370-372
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Fraser JD, Aguayo P, Sharp SW, Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD. The role of laparoscopy in the management of malrotation. J Surg Res 2009; 156 (01) 80-82
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Adibe OO, Nichol PF, Flake AW, Mattei P. Comparison of outcomes after laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy at a high-volume pediatric teaching hospital. J Pediatr Surg 2006; 41 (10) 1676-1678
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Bufo AJ, Merry C, Shah R, Cyr N, Schropp KP, Lobe TE. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: a safer technique. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13 (04) 240-242
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Campbell BT, McVay MR, Lerer TJ, Lowe NJ, Smith SD, Kokoska ER. Ghosts in the machine: a multi-institutional comparison of laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (12) 2026-2029
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Ford WDA, Crameri JA, Holland AJA. The learning curve for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32 (04) 552-554
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Greason KL, Thompson WR, Downey EC, Lo Sasso B. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: report of 11 cases. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30 (11) 1571-1574
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Hall NJ, Ade-Ajayi N, Al-Roubaie J, Curry J, Kiely EM, Pierro A. Retrospective comparison of open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. Br J Surg 2004; 91 (10) 1325-1329
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Hall NJ, Eaton S, Seims A. et al. Risk of incomplete pyloromyotomy and mucosal perforation in open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49 (07) 1083-1086
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Kethman WC, Harris AHS, Hawn MT, Wall JK. Trends and surgical outcomes of laparoscopic versus open pyloromyotomy. Surg Endosc 2018; 32 (07) 3380-3385
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Kim SS, Lau ST, Lee SL. et al. Pyloromyotomy: a comparison of laparoscopic, circumumbilical, and right upper quadrant operative techniques. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 201 (01) 66-70
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Lange R, Rey M, Fernández ED. Open vs. laparoscopic pyloromyotomy–a retrospective analysis. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 2008; 17 (05) 313-317
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Lemoine C, Paris C, Morris M, Vali K, Beaunoyer M, Aspirot A. Open transumbilical pyloromyotomy: is it more painful than the laparoscopic approach?. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (05) 870-873
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Mahida JB, Asti L, Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Groner JI. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy decreases postoperative length of stay in children with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (09) 1436-1439
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Perger L, Fuchs JR, Komidar L, Mooney DP. Impact of surgical approach on outcome in 622 consecutive pyloromyotomies at a pediatric teaching institution. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (11) 2119-2125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Scorpio RJ, Tan HL, Hutson JM. Pyloromyotomy: comparison between laparoscopic and open surgical techniques. J Laparoendosc Surg 1995; 5 (02) 81-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Sitsen E, Bax NMA, van der Zee DC. Is laparoscopic pyloromyotomy superior to open surgery?. Surg Endosc 1998; 12 (06) 813-815
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Yagmurlu A, Barnhart DC, Vernon A, Georgeson KE, Harmon CM. Comparison of the incidence of complications in open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: a concurrent single institution series. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39 (03) 292-296 , discussion 292–296
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Tander B, Shanti CM, Klein MD. Access to the hypertrophic pylorus: does it make a difference to the patient?. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2009; 19 (01) 14-16
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Aldridge RD, MacKinlay GA, Aldridge RB. Physiological effects of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2006; 16 (02) 156-158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Turial S, Enders J, Schier F, Santos M. Comparison of a novel technique of the microlaparoscopic pyloromyotomy to circumbilical and Weber-Ramstedt approaches. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15 (07) 1136-1142
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Campbell BT, McLean K, Barnhart DC, Drongowski RA, Hirschl RB. A comparison of laparoscopic and open pyloromyotomy at a teaching hospital. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37 (07) 1068-1071 , discussion 1068–1071
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Ali A, Tripuraneni G, Velmurugan S, Sigurdsson A, Lotz J. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy is both safe and effective in a district hospital. Surg Endosc 2008; 22 (01) 151-153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Oomen M, Bakx R, Peeters B, Boersma D, Wijnen M, Heij H. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, the tail of the learning curve. Surg Endosc 2013; 27 (10) 3705-3709
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Caceres M, Liu D. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: redefining the advantages of a novel technique. JSLS 2003; 7 (02) 123-127
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Aldridge RD, MacKinlay GA, Aldridge RB. Choice of incision: the experience and evolution of surgical management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17 (01) 131-136
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Taylor ND, Cass DT, Holland AJ. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: has anything changed?. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49 (01) 33-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Henderson L, Hussein N, Patwardhan N, Dagash H. Outcomes during a transition period from open to laparoscopic pyloromyotomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28 (04) 481-485
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Holland AJ, Ford WD. The influence of laparoscopic surgery on perioperative heat loss in infants. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13 (5,6): 350-351
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Costanzo CM, Vinocur C, Berman L. Postoperative outcomes of open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Surg Res 2018; 224: 240-244
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 St Peter SD, Acher CW, Shah SR, Sharp SW, Ostlie DJ. Parental and volunteer perception of pyloromyotomy scars: comparing laparoscopic, open, and nonsurgical volunteers. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2016; 26 (04) 305-308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Fyhn TJ, Knatten CK, Edwin B. et al. Randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic and open Nissen fundoplication in children. Ann Surg 2015; 261 (06) 1061-1067
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Knatten CK, Fyhn TJ, Edwin B, Schistad O, Emblem R, Bjørnland K. Thirty-day outcome in children randomized to open and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47 (11) 1990-1996
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 McHoney M, Eaton S, Wade A. et al. Inflammatory response in children after laparoscopic vs open Nissen fundoplication: randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40 (06) 908-913 , discussion 913–914
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 McHoney M, Wade AM, Eaton S. et al. Clinical outcome of a randomized controlled blinded trial of open versus laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in infants and children. Ann Surg 2011; 254 (02) 209-216
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 McHoney M, Eaton S, Wade A. et al. Effect of laparoscopy and laparotomy on energy and protein metabolism in children: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 2010; 157 (03) 439-444 , 444.e2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Pacilli M, Eaton S, McHoney M. et al. Four year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial comparing open and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in children. Arch Dis Child 2014; 99 (06) 516-521
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Papandria D, Goldstein SD, Salazar JH. et al. A randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open Nissen fundoplication in children under two years of age. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50 (02) 267-271
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Barsness KA, Feliz A, Potoka DA, Gaines BA, Upperman JS, Kane TD. Laparoscopic versus open Nissen fundoplication in infants after neonatal laparotomy. JSLS 2007; 11 (04) 461-465
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Collins III JB, Georgeson KE, Vicente Y, Hardin Jr WD. Comparison of open and laparoscopic gastrostomy and fundoplication in 120 patients. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30 (07) 1065-1070 , discussion 1070–1071
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Diaz DM, Gibbons TE, Heiss K, Wulkan ML, Ricketts RR, Gold BD. Antireflux surgery outcomes in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100 (08) 1844-1852
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Fox D, Morrato E, Campagna EJ. et al. Outcomes of laparoscopic versus open fundoplication in children's hospitals: 2005-2008. Pediatrics 2011; 127 (05) 872-880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Fujiogi M, Michihata N, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H, Fujishiro J. Postoperative small bowel obstruction following laparoscopic or open fundoplication in children: a retrospective analysis using a nationwide database. World J Surg 2018; 42 (12) 4112-4117
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Laituri CA, Garey CL, Ostlie DJ, Holcomb III GW, St Peter SD. Morgagni hernia repair in children: comparison of laparoscopic and open results. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 21 (01) 89-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Kubiak R, Böhm-Sturm E, Svoboda D, Wessel LM. Comparison of long-term outcomes between open and laparoscopic Thal fundoplication in children. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49 (07) 1069-1074
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Maizlin II, Shroyer MC, Beierle EA, Chen MK, Russell RT. Open versus laparoscopic approach to gastric fundoplication in children with cardiac risk factors. J Surg Res 2017; 220: 52-58
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Mattioli G, Repetto P, Carlini C. et al. Laparoscopic vs open approach for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Surg Endosc 2002; 16 (05) 750-752
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD, Snyder CL, Sharp RJ, Andrews WS, Holcomb III GW. A financial analysis of pediatric laparoscopic versus open fundoplication. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17 (04) 493-496
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Rhee D, Zhang Y, Chang DC. et al. Population-based comparison of open vs laparoscopic esophagogastric fundoplication in children: application of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality pediatric quality indicators. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (04) 648-654
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Somme S, Rodriguez JA, Kirsch DG, Liu DC. Laparoscopic versus open fundoplication in infants. Surg Endosc 2002; 16 (01) 54-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Thatch KA, Yoo EY, Arthur III LG. et al. A comparison of laparoscopic and open Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy placement in the neonatal intensive care unit population. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45 (02) 346-349
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Namgoong J-M, Kim D-Y, Kim S-C, Hwang J-H. Hiatal hernia in pediatric patients: laparoscopic versus open approaches. Ann Surg Treat Res 2014; 86 (05) 264-269
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Bailey KA, Wales PW, Gerstle JT. Laparoscopic versus open reduction of intussusception in children: a single-institution comparative experience. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (05) 845-848
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Burjonrappa SC. Laparoscopic reduction of intussusception: an evolving therapeutic option. JSLS 2007; 11 (02) 235-237
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Cheung ST, Lee KH, Yeung TH. et al. Minimally invasive approach in the management of childhood intussusception. ANZ J Surg 2007; 77 (09) 778-781
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Hill SJ, Koontz CS, Langness SM, Wulkan ML. Laparoscopic versus open reduction of intussusception in children: experience over a decade. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013; 23 (02) 166-169
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Kao C, Tseng S-H, Chen Y. Laparoscopic reduction of intussusception in children by a single surgeon in comparison with open surgery. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 2011; 20 (03) 141-145
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Kia KF, Mony VK, Drongowski RA. et al. Laparoscopic vs open surgical approach for intussusception requiring operative intervention. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40 (01) 281-284
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Sklar CM, Chan E, Nasr A. Laparoscopic versus open reduction of intussusception in children: a retrospective review and meta-analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2014; 24 (07) 518-522
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Wei C-H, Fu Y-W, Wang N-L, Du Y-C, Sheu J-C. Laparoscopy versus open surgery for idiopathic intussusception in children. Surg Endosc 2015; 29 (03) 668-672
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Benedict LA, Ha D, Sujka J. et al. The laparoscopic versus open approach for reduction of intussusception in infants and children: an updated institutional experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28 (11) 1412-1415
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Houben CH, Feng X-N, Tang S-H, Chan EKW, Lee KH. What is the role of laparoscopic surgery in intussusception?. ANZ J Surg 2016; 86 (06) 504-508
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Ferrero L, Ahmed YB, Philippe P. et al. Intestinal malrotation and volvulus in neonates: laparoscopy versus open laparotomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017; 27 (03) 318-321
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Huntington JT, Lopez JJ, Mahida JB. et al. Comparing laparoscopic versus open Ladd's procedure in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52 (07) 1128-1131
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Miyano G, Fukuzawa H, Morita K. et al. Laparoscopic repair of malrotation: what are the indications in neonates and children?. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2015; 25 (02) 155-158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Ooms N, Matthyssens LE, Draaisma JM, de Blaauw I, Wijnen MH. Laparoscopic treatment of intestinal malrotation in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2016; 26 (04) 376-381
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Stanfill AB, Pearl RH, Kalvakuri K, Wallace LJ, Vegunta RK. Laparoscopic Ladd's procedure: treatment of choice for midgut malrotation in infants and children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010; 20 (04) 369-372
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Isani MA, Schlieve C, Jackson J. et al. Is less more? Laparoscopic versus open Ladd's procedure in children with malrotation. J Surg Res 2018; 229: 351-356
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Zhu H, Zheng S, Alganabi M. et al. Reoperation after Ladd's procedure in the neonatal period. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35 (01) 117-120
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Chiarenza SF, Bucci V, Conighi ML. et al. Duodenal atresia: open versus MIS repair-analysis of our experience over the last 12 years. BioMed Res Int 2017; 2017: 4585360
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Cho MJ, Kim DY, Kim SC, Namgoong JM. Transition from laparotomy to laparoscopic repair of congenital duodenal obstruction in neonates: our early experience. Front Pediatr 2017; 5: 203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Hill S, Koontz CS, Langness SM, Wulkan ML. Laparoscopic versus open repair of congenital duodenal obstruction in infants. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 21 (10) 961-963
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Gfroerer S, Theilen T-M, Fiegel HC, Rolle U. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for the repair of congenital duodenal obstructions in infants and children. Surg Endosc 2018; 32 (09) 3909-3917
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Jensen AR, Short SS, Anselmo DM. et al. Laparoscopic versus open treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction: multicenter short-term outcomes analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013; 23 (10) 876-880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Parmentier B, Peycelon M, Muller C-O, El Ghoneimi A, Bonnard A. Laparoscopic management of congenital duodenal atresia or stenosis: a single-center early experience. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50 (11) 1833-1836
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Spilde TL, St Peter SD, Keckler SJ, Holcomb III GW, Snyder CL, Ostlie DJ. Open vs laparoscopic repair of congenital duodenal obstructions: a concurrent series. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43 (06) 1002-1005
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Angsten G, Danielson J, Kassa A-M, Lilja HE. Outcome of laparoscopic versus open gastrostomy in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31 (11) 1067-1072
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Liu R, Jiwane A, Varjavandi A. et al. Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic, laparoscopic and open gastrostomy insertion in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2013; 29 (06) 613-621
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 Kozlov Y, Novozhilov V, Kovalkov K, Rasputin A, Baradieva P, Razumovsky A. Comparison of the laparoscopic and open methods of gastrostomy at neonates and infants up to three months of age. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 29 (07) 958-964
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Ezekian B, Leraas HJ, Englum BR. et al. Outcomes of laparoscopic resection of Meckel's diverticulum are equivalent to open laparotomy. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54 (03) 507-510
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Gilchrist BF, Lobe TE, Schropp KP. et al. Is there a role for laparoscopic appendectomy in pediatric surgery?. J Pediatr Surg 1992; 27 (02) 209-212 , discussion 212–214
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Hay SA. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy in children. Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13 (01) 21-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Lavonius MI, Liesjärvi S, Ovaska J, Pajulo O, Ristkari S, Alanen M. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a prospective randomised study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2001; 11 (04) 235-238
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K. Single-blind randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in children. Br J Surg 2001; 88 (04) 510-514
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K, Valtonen H, Mattila M, Eskelinen M. The costs and effects of laparoscopic appendectomy in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158 (01) 34-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Little DC, Custer MD, May BH, Blalock SE, Cooney DR. Laparoscopic appendectomy: an unnecessary and expensive procedure in children?. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37 (03) 310-317
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Oka T, Kurkchubasche AG, Bussey JG, Wesselhoeft Jr. CW, Tracy Jr. TF, Luks FI. Open and laparoscopic appendectomy are equally safe and acceptable in children. Surg Endosc 2004; 18 (02) 242-245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 Padankatti LR, Pramod RK, Gupta A, Ramachandran P. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis: a prospective study. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2008; 13 (03) 104-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 112 Lejus C, Delile L, Plattner V. et al. Randomized, single-blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: effects on postoperative analgesia. Anesthesiology 1996; 84 (04) 801-806
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 113 Ali R, Anwar M, Akhtar J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a randomized controlled trial from a developing country. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53 (02) 247-249
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 114 Adwan H, Weerasuriya CK, Endleman P, Barnes A, Stewart L, Justin T. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in children: a UK District General Hospital experience. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49 (02) 277-279
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 115 Bergholz R, Klein I, Wenke K, Boettcher M, Reinshagen K, Krebs T. Midterm outcome of transumbilically laparoscopic-assisted versus laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children–a matched prospective study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2015; 25 (02) 216-219
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 116 Bhatt NR, Dunne E, Faraz M. et al. Trends in the use of laparoscopic versus open paediatric appendicectomy: a regional 12-year study and a national survey. World J Surg 2018; 42 (11) 3792-3802
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 117 Canty Sr. TG, Collins D, Losasso B, Lynch F, Brown C. Laparoscopic appendectomy for simple and perforated appendicitis in children: the procedure of choice?. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35 (11) 1582-1585
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 118 Eldridge B, Kimber C, Wolfe R, Galea M, Hutson J. Uptime as a measure of recovery in children postappendectomy. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38 (12) 1822-1825
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 119 Esposito C, Borzi P, Valla JS. et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a retrospective comparative study of 2,332 cases. World J Surg 2007; 31 (04) 750-755
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 120 Foulds KA, Beasley SW, Maoate K. The effect of the availability of laparoscopic techniques on the treatment of appendicitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2000; 16 (07) 490-492
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 121 Gosemann J-H, Lange A, Zeidler J. et al. Appendectomy in the pediatric population-a German nationwide cohort analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401 (05) 651-659 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1430-3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 122 Guanà R, Lonati L, Garofalo S. et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery in complicated appendicitis in children less than 5 years old: a six-year single-centre experience. Surg Res Pract 2016; 2016: 4120214
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 123 Horwitz JR, Custer MD, May BH, Mehall JR, Lally KP. Should laparoscopic appendectomy be avoided for complicated appendicitis in children?. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32 (11) 1601-1603
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 124 Ikeda H, Ishimaru Y, Takayasu H, Okamura K, Kisaki Y, Fujino J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children with uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39 (11) 1680-1685
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 125 Khan SY, Al-Balushi ZN, Bhatti KM, Ehsan T, Mandhan P. Cost comparison between laparoscopic and open appendectomies in children. Sultan Qaboos University Med J. , May 2013
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 126 Kokoska ER, Murayama KM, Silen ML, Miller TA, Dillon PA, Weber TR. A state-wide evaluation of appendectomy in children. Am J Surg 1999; 178 (06) 537-540
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 127 Krisher SL, Browne A, Dibbins A, Tkacz N, Curci M. Intra-abdominal abscess after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. Arch Surg 2001; 136 (04) 438-441
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 128 Kutasy B, Hunziker M, Laxamanadass G, Puri P. Laparoscopic appendectomy is associated with lower morbidity in extremely obese children. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27 (05) 533-536
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 129 Lee SL, Yaghoubian A, Kaji A. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in children: outcomes comparison based on age, sex, and perforation status. Arch Surg 2011; 146 (10) 1118-1121
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 130 Lee C-H, Lin Y-L. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in children: another opinion. Int Surg 2003; 88 (02) 92-94
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 131 Li P, Han Y, Yang Y. et al. Retrospective review of laparoscopic versus open surgery in the treatment of appendiceal abscess in pediatric patients: Laparoscopic versus open surgery for appendiceal abscess. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96 (30) e7514
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 132 Li P, Xu Q, Ji Z. et al. Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40 (08) 1279-1283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 133 Liu Y, Cui Z, Zhang R. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis in children. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54 (11) 938-941
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 134 Masoomi H, Mills S, Dolich MO. et al. Comparison of outcomes of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 2006-2008. World J Surg 2012; 36 (03) 573-578
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 135 McKinlay R, Neeleman S, Klein R. et al. Intraabdominal abscess following open and laparoscopic appendectomy in the pediatric population. Surg Endosc 2003; 17 (05) 730-733
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 136 Meguerditchian A-N, Prasil P, Cloutier R, Leclerc S, Péloquin J, Roy G. Laparoscopic appendectomy in children: a favorable alternative in simple and complicated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37 (05) 695-698
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 137 Menezes M, Das L, Alagtal M, Haroun J, Puri P. Laparoscopic appendectomy is recommended for the treatment of complicated appendicitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2008; 24 (03) 303-305
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 138 Michailidou M, Goldstein SD, Sacco Casamassima MG. et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: the effect of surgical technique on healthcare costs. Am J Surg 2015; 210 (02) 270-275
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 139 Miyano G, Okazaki T, Kato Y. et al. Open versus laparoscopic treatment for pan-peritonitis secondary to perforated appendicitis in children: a prospective analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010; 20 (07) 655-657
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 140 Nataraja RM, Bandi A, Clarke SA, Haddad MJ. Comparison of intra-abdominal abscess formation following laparoscopic and open appendicectomy in children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010; 20 (04) 391-394
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 141 Nataraja RM, Teague WJ, Galea J. et al. Comparison of intraabdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic and open appendicectomies in children. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47 (02) 317-321
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 142 Nguyen NT, Zainabadi K, Mavandadi S. et al. Trends in utilization and outcomes of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. Am J Surg 2004; 188 (06) 813-820
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 143 Nwokoma NJ, Swindells MG, Pahl K. et al. Pediatric advanced appendicitis: open versus laparoscopic approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2009; 19 (02) 110-113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 144 Paya K, Fakhari M, Rauhofer U, Felberbauer FX, Rebhandl W, Horcher E. Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy in children: a comparison of complications. JSLS 2000; 4 (02) 121-124
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 145 Rai R, Chui C-H, Sai Prasad TR, Low Y, Yap T-L, Jacobsen AS. Perforated appendicitis in children: benefits of early laparoscopic surgery. Ann Acad Med Singap 2007; 36 (04) 277-280
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 146 Schmelzer TM, Rana AR, Walters KC, Norton HJ, Bambini DA, Heniford BT. Improved outcomes for laparoscopic appendectomy compared with open appendectomy in the pediatric population. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17 (05) 693-697
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 147 Schneuer FJ, Adams SE, Bentley JP. et al. A population-based comparison of the post-operative outcomes of open and laparoscopic appendicectomy in children. Med J Aust 2018; 209 (02) 80-85
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 148 Serour F, Witzling M, Gorenstein A. Is laparoscopic appendectomy in children associated with an uncommon postoperative complication?. Surg Endosc 2005; 19 (07) 919-922
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 149 Svensson JF, Patkova B, Almström M, Eaton S, Wester T. Outcome after introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy in children: a cohort study. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (03) 449-453
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 150 Taqi E, Al Hadher S, Ryckman J. et al. Outcome of laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43 (05) 893-895
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 151 Tashiro J, Einstein SA, Perez EA, Bronson SN, Lasko DS, Sola JE. Hospital preference of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: Effects on outcomes in simple and complicated appendicitis. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (05) 804-809
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 152 Tsai C-C, Lee S-Y, Huang F-C. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in the management of all stages of acute appendicitis in children: a retrospective study. Pediatr Neonatol 2012; 53 (05) 289-294
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 153 Tsao KJ, St Peter SD, Valusek PA. et al. Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy in children: comparison between the laparoscopic and open approach. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (06) 939-942 , discussion 942
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 154 Vahdad MR, Troebs R-B, Nissen M, Burkhardt LB, Hardwig S, Cernaianu G. Laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children has complication rates comparable with those of open appendectomy. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48 (03) 555-561
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 155 Vernon AH, Georgeson KE, Harmon CM. Pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Surg Endosc 2004; 18 (01) 75-79
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 156 Wang X, Zhang W, Yang X, Shao J, Zhou X, Yuan J. Complicated appendicitis in children: is laparoscopic appendectomy appropriate? A comparative study with the open appendectomy–our experience. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (10) 1924-1927
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 157 Yagmurlu A, Vernon A, Barnhart DC, Georgeson KE, Harmon CM. Laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis: a comparison with open appendectomy. Surg Endosc 2006; 20 (07) 1051-1054
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 158 Chauhan K, Kashif S, Awadalla S. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in children. Ir Med J 2006; 99 (10) 298-300
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 159 Groves LB, Ladd MR, Gallaher JR. et al. Comparing the cost and outcomes of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis in children. Am Surg 2013; 79 (09) 861-864
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 160 Scirè G, Mariotto A, Peretti M. et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in the management of acute appendicitis in children: a multicenter retrospective study. Minerva Pediatr 2014; 66 (04) 281-285
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 161 Varlet F, Tardieu D, Limonne B, Metafiot H, Chavrier Y. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children–comparative study of 403 cases. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1994; 4 (06) 333-337
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 162 Yang J, Zhang W, Feng J. et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes and anorectal manometry in patients with congenital anorectal malformations treated with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and laparoscopically assisted anorectal pull through. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (12) 2380-2383
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 163 Kudou S, Iwanaka T, Kawashima H. et al. Midterm follow-up study of high-type imperforate anus after laparoscopically assisted anorectoplasty. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40 (12) 1923-1926
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 164 Bailez MM, Cuenca ES, Mauri V, Solana J, Di Benedetto V. Outcome of males with high anorectal malformations treated with laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through: preliminary results of a comparative study with the open approach in a single institution. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (03) 473-477
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 165 Kimura O, Iwai N, Sasaki Y. et al. Laparoscopic versus open abdominoperineal rectoplasty for infants with high-type anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45 (12) 2390-2393
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 166 Bailez MM, Cuenca ES, Di Benedetto V, Solana J. Laparoscopic treatment of rectovaginal fistulas. Feasibility, technical details, and functional results of a rare anorectal malformation. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45 (09) 1837-1842
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 167 De Vos C, Arnold M, Sidler D, Moore SW. A comparison of laparoscopic-assisted (LAARP) and posterior sagittal (PSARP) anorectoplasty in the outcome of intermediate and high anorectal malformations. S Afr J Surg 2011; 49 (01) 39-43
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 168 Tong QS, Tang ST, Pu JR. et al. Laparoscopically assisted anorectal pull-through for high imperforate anus in infants: intermediate results. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (08) 1578-1586
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 169 Wong KKY, Khong PL, Lin SCL, Lam WWM, Lan LCL, Tam PKH. Post-operative magnetic resonance evaluation of children after laparoscopic anorectoplasty for imperforate anus. Int J Colorectal Dis 2005; 20 (01) 33-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 170 England RJ, Warren SL, Bezuidenhout L, Numanoglu A, Millar AJW. Laparoscopic repair of anorectal malformations at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital: taking stock. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47 (03) 565-570
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 171 Ming A-X, Li L, Diao M. et al. Long term outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty: a comparison study with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49 (04) 560-563
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 172 Tainaka T, Uchida H, Tanaka Y. et al. Long-term outcomes and complications after laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty vs. posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for high- and intermediate-type anorectal malformation. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34 (10) 1111-1115
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 173 Chung PHY, Wong CWY, Wong KKY, Tam PKH. Assessing the long term manometric outcomes in patients with previous laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LARP) and posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53 (10) 1933-1936
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 174 Koga H, Miyano G, Takahashi T. et al. Comparison of anorectal angle and continence after Georgeson and Peña procedures for high/intermediate imperforate anus. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45 (12) 2394-2397
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 175 Lin CL, Wong KKY, Lan LCL, Chen CC, Tam PKH. Earlier appearance and higher incidence of the rectoanal relaxation reflex in patients with imperforate anus repaired with laparoscopically assisted anorectoplasty. Surg Endosc 2003; 17 (10) 1646-1649
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 176 Yazaki Y, Koga H, Ochi T. et al. Surgical management of recto-prostatic and recto-bulbar anorectal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32 (10) 939-944
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 177 Ghirardo V, Betalli P, Mognato G, Gamba P. Laparotomic versus laparoscopic Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung disease in infants and children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17 (01) 119-123
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 178 Giuliani S, Betalli P, Narciso A. et al. Outcome comparison among laparoscopic Duhamel, laparotomic Duhamel, and transanal endorectal pull-through: a single-center, 18-year experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 21 (09) 859-863
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 179 Nah SA, de Coppi P, Kiely EM. et al. Duhamel pull-through for Hirschsprung disease: a comparison of open and laparoscopic techniques. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47 (02) 308-312
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 180 Travassos DV, Bax NMA, Van der Zee DC. Duhamel procedure: a comparative retrospective study between an open and a laparoscopic technique. Surg Endosc 2007; 21 (12) 2163-2165
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 181 Travassos D, van Herwaarden-Lindeboom M, van der Zee DC. Hirschsprung's disease in children with Down syndrome: a comparative study. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2011; 21 (04) 220-223
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 182 Langer JC, Seifert M, Minkes RK. One-stage Soave pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease: a comparison of the transanal and open approaches. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35 (06) 820-822
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 183 Kubota A, Kawahara H, Okuyama H, Oue T, Tazuke Y, Okada A. Clinical outcome of laparoscopically assisted endorectal pull-through in Hirschsprung's disease: comparison of abdominal and perineal approaches. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39 (12) 1835-1837
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 184 Craigie RJ, Conway SJ, Cooper L. et al. Primary pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease: comparison of open and laparoscopic-assisted procedures. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007; 17 (06) 809-812
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 185 Fujiwara N, Kaneyama K, Okazaki T. et al. A comparative study of laparoscopy-assisted pull-through and open pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease with special reference to postoperative fecal continence. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (12) 2071-2074
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 186 Mattioli G, Pini Prato A, Giunta C. et al. Outcome of primary endorectal pull-through for the treatment of classic Hirschsprung disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2008; 18 (06) 869-874
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 187 Curran TJ, Raffensperger JG. Laparoscopic Swenson pull-through: a comparison with the open procedure. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31 (08) 1155-1156 , discussion 1156–1157
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 188 Tian Y, Shi T, Wang F, Wu Y. Difference of efficacy between laparoscopic modified Soave operation and open radical resection in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33 (06) 1385-1389
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 189 Tan YW, Jaffray B. A comparison of open and laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2009; 25 (10) 877-879
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 190 Miyano G, Okawada M, Yanai T, Okazaki T, Lane GJ, Yamataka A. Outcome of stoma closure in children: a comparison of laparoscopy-assisted and conventional open techniques. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2009; 19 (04) 559-561
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 191 Sun X, Diao M, Wu X, Cheng W, Ye M, Li L. A prospective study comparing laparoscopic and conventional Kasai portoenterostomy in children with biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51 (03) 374-378
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 192 Aspelund G, Ling SC, Ng V, Kim PCW. A role for laparoscopic approach in the treatment of biliary atresia and choledochal cysts. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42 (05) 869-872
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 193 Chan KWE, Lee KH, Tsui SYB. et al. Laparoscopic versus open Kasai portoenterostomy in infant with biliary atresia: a retrospective review on the 5-year native liver survival. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28 (11) 1109-1113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 194 Chan KWE, Lee KH, Wong HYV. et al. From laparoscopic to open Kasai portoenterostomy: the outcome after reintroduction of open Kasai portoenterostomy in infant with biliary atresia. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30 (06) 605-608
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 195 Diao M, Li L, Cheng W. Single-incision laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy using conventional instruments for neonates with extrahepatic biliary cystic lesions. Surg Innov 2013; 20 (03) 214-218
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 196 Nakamura H, Koga H, Okazaki T. et al. Does pneumoperitoneum adversely affect growth, development and liver function in biliary atresia patients after laparoscopic portoenterostomy?. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31 (01) 45-51
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 197 Ure BM, Kuebler JF, Schukfeh N, Engelmann C, Dingemann J, Petersen C. Survival with the native liver after laparoscopic versus conventional kasai portoenterostomy in infants with biliary atresia: a prospective trial. Ann Surg 2011; 253 (04) 826-830
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 198 Wada M, Nakamura H, Koga H. et al. Experience of treating biliary atresia with three types of portoenterostomy at a single institution: extended, modified Kasai, and laparoscopic modified Kasai. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30 (09) 863-870
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 199 Wong KKY, Chung PHY, Chan KL, Fan ST, Tam PKH. Should open Kasai portoenterostomy be performed for biliary atresia in the era of laparoscopy?. Pediatr Surg Int 2008; 24 (08) 931-933
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 200 Murase N, Hinoki A, Shirota C. et al. Multicenter, retrospective, comparative study of laparoscopic and open Kasai portoenterostomy in children with biliary atresia from Japanese high-volume centers. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2019; 26 (01) 43-50
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 201 Chan KWE, Lee KH, Wong HYV, Tsui SYB, Mou JWC, Tam YHP. Ten-year native liver survival rate after laparoscopic and open kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 29 (01) 121-125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 202 Huang S-Y, Yeh C-M, Chen H-C, Chou C-M. Reconsideration of laparoscopic Kasai operation for biliary atresia. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 28 (02) 229-234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 203 Nakamura H, Koga H, Cazares J. et al. Comprehensive assessment of prognosis after laparoscopic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32 (02) 109-112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 204 Li Y, Xiang B, Wu Y. et al. Medium-term outcome of laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia with 49 cases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66 (06) 857-860
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 205 Diao M, Li L, Cheng W. Laparoscopic versus Open Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy for children with choledochal cysts: intermediate-term follow-up results. Surg Endosc 2011; 25 (05) 1567-1573
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 206 Liem NT, Pham HD, Vu HM. Is the laparoscopic operation as safe as open operation for choledochal cyst in children?. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 21 (04) 367-370
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 207 Liuming H, Hongwu Z, Gang L. et al. The effect of laparoscopic excision vs open excision in children with choledochal cyst: a midterm follow-up study. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46 (04) 662-665
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 208 Margonis GA, Spolverato G, Kim Y. et al. Minimally invasive resection of choledochal cyst: a feasible and safe surgical option. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19 (05) 858-865 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2722-y.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 209 Santore MT, Deans KJ, Behar BJ, Blinman TA, Adzick NS, Flake AW. Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy versus open hepaticoduodenostomy for reconstruction after resection of choledochal cyst. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011; 21 (04) 375-378
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 210 She W-H, Chung HY, Lan LCL, Wong KKY, Saing H, Tam PKH. Management of choledochal cyst: 30 years of experience and results in a single center. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (12) 2307-2311
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 211 Song G, Jiang X, Wang J, Li A. Comparative clinical study of laparoscopic and open surgery in children with choledochal cysts. Saudi Med J 2017; 38 (05) 476-481
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 212 Wang DC, Liu ZP, Li ZH. et al. Surgical treatment of congenital biliary duct cyst. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12 (01) 29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 213 Cherqaoui A, Haddad M, Roman C. et al. Management of choledochal cyst: Evolution with antenatal diagnosis and laparoscopic approach. J Minim Access Surg 2012; 8 (04) 129-133
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 214 Ng JL, Salim MT, Low Y. Mid-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open choledochal cyst excision in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Ann Acad Med Singap 2014; 43 (04) 220-224
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 215 Alwabari A, Parida L, Al-Salem AH. Laparoscopic splenectomy and/or cholecystectomy for children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2009; 25 (05) 417-421
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 216 Kim PC, Wesson D, Superina R, Filler R. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy in children: which is better?. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30 (07) 971-973
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 217 Ruangtrakool R, Mungnirandr A, Laohapensang M, Sathornkich C. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy in children. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85 (02) 172-178
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 218 Minaev SV, Gerasimenko IN, Kirgizov IV. et al. Laparoscopic treatment in children with hydatid cyst of the liver. World J Surg 2017; 41 (12) 3218-3223
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 219 Al-Shanafey S. Laparoscopic vs open pancreatectomy for persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (05) 957-961
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 220 Iqbal CW, Levy SM, Tsao K. et al. Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy in the management of traumatic pancreatic disruption. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012; 22 (06) 595-598
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 221 Namgoong J-M, Kim D-Y, Kim S-C, Kim S-C, Hwang J-H, Song K-B. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy to treat solid pseudopapillary tumors in children: transition from open to laparoscopic approaches in suitable cases. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30 (03) 259-266
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 222 Lopez CL, Albers MB, Bollmann C. et al. Minimally invasive versus open pancreatic surgery in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg 2016; 40 (07) 1729-1736
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 223 Fachin CG, Amado F, Romaniello G. et al. Open versus laparoscopic splenectomies in children: a comparative study performed at a public hospital in Brazil. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 29 (10) 1357-1361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 224 Farah RA, Rogers ZR, Thompson WR, Hicks BA, Guzzetta PC, Buchanan GR. Comparison of laparoscopic and open splenectomy in children with hematologic disorders. J Pediatr 1997; 131 (1, pt. 1): 41-46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 225 Goers T, Panepinto J, Debaun M. et al. Laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery in children with sickle cell disease is associated with a shorter hospital stay. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50 (03) 603-606
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 226 Lesher AP, Kalpatthi R, Glenn JB, Jackson SM, Hebra A. Outcome of splenectomy in children younger than 4 years with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44 (06) 1134-1138 , discussion 1138
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 227 Minkes RK, Lagzdins M, Langer JC. Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35 (05) 699-701
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 228 Qureshi FG, Ergun O, Sandulache VC. et al. Laparoscopic splenectomy in children. JSLS 2005; 9 (04) 389-392
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 229 Reddy VS, Phan HH, O'Neill JA. et al. Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in the pediatric population: a contemporary single-center experience. Am Surg 2001; 67 (09) 859-863 , discussion 863–864
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 230 Rescorla FJ, Breitfeld PP, West KW, Williams D, Engum SA, Grosfeld JL. A case controlled comparison of open and laparoscopic splenectomy in children. Surgery 1998; 124 (04) 670-675 , discussion 675–676
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 231 Wood JH, Partrick DA, Hays T, Sauaia A, Karrer FM, Ziegler MM. Contemporary pediatric splenectomy: continuing controversies. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27 (11) 1165-1171
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 232 Yoshida K, Yamazaki Y, Mizuno R. et al. Laparoscopic splenectomy in children. Preliminary results and comparison with the open technique. Surg Endosc 1995; 9 (12) 1279-1282
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 233 Zhu J, Ye H, Wang Y. et al. Laparoscopic versus open pediatric splenectomy for massive splenomegaly. Surg Innov 2011; 18 (04) 349-353
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 234 Hassan ME, Al Ali K. Massive splenomegaly in children: laparoscopic versus open splenectomy. JSLS 2014; 18 (03) e2014.00245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 235 Janu PG, Rogers DA, Lobe TE. A comparison of laparoscopic and traditional open splenectomy in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31 (01) 109-113 , discussion 113–114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 236 Beanes S, Emil S, Kosi M, Applebaum H, Atkinson J. A comparison of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children. Am Surg 1995; 61 (10) 908-910
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 237 Waldhausen JH, Tapper D. Is pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy safe and cost-effective?. Arch Surg 1997; 132 (08) 822-824
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 238 Yee LF, Carvajal SH, de Lorimier AA, Mulvihill SJ. Laparoscopic splenectomy. The initial experience at University of California, San Francisco. Arch Surg 1995; 130 (08) 874-877 , discussion 877–879
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 239 Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A. et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol 2004; 171 (03) 1271-1273
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 240 Moores DC, McKee MA, Wang H, Fischer JD, Smith JW, Andrews HG. Pediatric laparoscopic splenectomy. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 30 (08) 1201-1205
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 241 Hamamci EO, Besim H, Bostanoğlu S, Sonişik M, Korkmaz A. Use of laparoscopic splenectomy in developing countries: analysis of cost and strategies for reducing cost. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2002; 12 (04) 253-258
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 242 Al-Salem AH. Splenectomy for children with thalassemia: total or partial splenectomy, open or laparoscopic splenectomy. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015; 38 (01) 4
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 243 Curran TJ, Foley MI, Swanstrom LL, Campbell TJ. Laparoscopy improves outcomes for pediatric splenectomy. J Pediatr Surg 1998; 33 (10) 1498-1500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 244 Deng X-G, Maharjan A, Tang J. et al. A modified laparoscopic splenectomy for massive splenomegaly in children with hematological disorder: a single institute retrospective clinical research. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28 (12) 1201-1209
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 245 Ghantous S, Al Mulhim S, Al Faris N, Abushullaih B, Shalak F, Yazbeck S. Acute chest syndrome after splenectomy in children with sickle cell disease. J Pediatr Surg 2008; 43 (05) 861-864
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 246 Luoto TT, Pakarinen MP, Koivusalo A. Long-term outcomes after pediatric splenectomy. Surgery 2016; 159 (06) 1583-1590
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 247 Oomen MWN, Bakx R, van Minden M, van Rijn RR, Peters M, Heij HA. Implementation of laparoscopic splenectomy in children and the incidence of portal vein thrombosis diagnosed by ultrasonography. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48 (11) 2276-2280
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 248 Mattioli G, Avanzini S, Pini Prato A. et al. Spleen surgery in pediatric age: seven-year unicentric experience. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2009; 19 (03) 437-441
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 249 Keckler SJ, Peter SD, Tsao K, Holcomb GW. Laparoscopic excision of splenic cysts: a comparison to the open approach. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2010; 20 (05) 287-289
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 250 Sinha CK, Agrawal M. Nonparasitic splenic cysts in children: current status. Surgeon 2011; 9 (01) 49-53
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 251 Kiblawi R, Zoeller C, Zanini A. et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic or conventional thoracic surgery in infants and children: current evidence. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2021; 31 (01) 54-64
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 252 Dingemann C, Ure B, Dingemann J. Thoracoscopic procedures in pediatric surgery: what is the evidence?. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2013; 24 (01) 14-19
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 253 Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD. The current state of evidence-based pediatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45 (10) 1940-1946
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 254 Gulack BC, Wong K, Sparks E, Ramjist J, Zhu H, Pierro A. Is the laparotomy here to stay? A review of the disadvantages of laparoscopy. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2020; 30 (02) 181-186
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 255 Aksenov LI, Granberg CF, Gargollo PC. A systematic review of complications of minimally invasive surgery in the pediatric urological literature. J Urol 2020; 203 (05) 1010-1016
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 256 Ghosh P, Dewanji A. Effect of reporting bias in the analysis of spontaneous reporting data. Pharm Stat 2015; 14 (01) 20-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 257 Kehlet H, Slim K. The future of fast-track surgery. Br J Surg 2012; 99 (08) 1025-1026
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 258 Reismann M, Dingemann J, Wolters M, Laupichler B, Suempelmann R, Ure BM. Fast-track concepts in routine pediatric surgery: a prospective study in 436 infants and children. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2009; 394 (03) 529-533
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 259 Schukfeh N, Reismann M, Ludwikowski B. et al. Implementation of fast-track pediatric surgery in a German nonacademic institution without previous fast-track experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2014; 24 (05) 419-425
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 260 Kehlet H. Postoperative ileus–an update on preventive techniques. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 5 (10) 552-558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 261 Kehlet H. Fast-track colorectal surgery. Lancet 2008; 371 (9615): 791-793
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 262 Li Z, Ye Y, Wu Z, Wang B. Learning curve analysis of laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2017; 27 (09) 979-982
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 263 van der Poel MJ, Fichtinger RS, Bemelmans M. et al; Dutch Liver Collaborative Group. Implementation and outcome of minor and major minimally invasive liver surgery in the Netherlands. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21 (12) 1734-1743
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 264 Ji Y, Yang K, Zhang X, Chen S, Xu Z. Learning curve of laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: report of 100 cases. BMC Surg 2018; 18 (01) 107
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 265 Uecker M, Kuebler JF, Ure BM, Schukfeh N. Minimally invasive pediatric surgery: the learning curve. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2020; 30 (02) 172-180
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar