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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 2023; 42(01): e1-e7
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740604
Original Article

Basal Ganglia Traumatic Hematoma: Case Series and Literature Review

Hematoma traumático em gânglios da base: Série de casos e revisão da literatura
Carlos Umberto Pereira 
1   Neurosurgery Service, Hospital de Urgência de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
,
Gabriela Ferreira Kalkmann 
2   Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
,
Isabela do Prado Nascimento 
2   Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
,
Letícia Adrielle dos Santos 
3   Medicine Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe
,
Nicollas Nunes Rabelo 
4   Department of Neurosurgery, Atenas University Center, Paracatu, MG, Brazil
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Abstract

Introduction Basal ganglia traumatic hematoma (BGTH) is rare, occurring in 3% of closed traumatic brain injuries, and it is associated with a poor prognosis. In the present paper, the authors present a series of 16 BGTH cases, describing their causes, treatment, and results.

Patients and Methods Thisis a retrospective study of 16 patients diagnosed with BGTH, associated with a literature review in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, using the terms craniocerebral trauma AND basal ganglia and basal ganglia AND hematoma AND trauma. Articles published in the period from 1986 to 2019 were selected, resulting in a total of 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria taking into account their citations and their respective impacts.

Results Sixteen patients were studied. They were all male, with an average age of 21 years and 5 months. The main cause of BGTH was traffic accident (12). The mean score in the Glasgow coma scale at admission was 8. All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull. The putamen was the most affected structure (5). Thirteen patients underwent conservative treatment, and three drained the associated intracranial hematoma. Nine patients died, and seven, and four had neurological sequel.

Conclusions The neurosurgeon's knowledge of GBTH, including diagnosis and clinical surgical management, is extremely important, as this type of lesion is associated with a poor prognosis.

Resumo

Introdução O hematoma traumático dos gânglios da base (HTGB) é raro, ocorrendo em 3% dos traumatismos cranioencefálicos fechados, estando associado a mau prognóstico. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam uma série de 16 casos de HTGB, descrevendo suas causas, tratamento e resultados.

Pacientes e métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 16 pacientes com diagnóstico de HTGB, associado a uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar, utilizando os termos: “Craniocerebral Trauma” AND “Basal Ganglia” and “Basal Ganglia” AND “Hematoma” AND “Trauma.” Foram selecionados artigos com período de 1986 a 2019, resultando em um total de 19 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão levando em consideração suas citações e seus respectivos impactos.

Resultados Dos 16 pacientes foram estudados, todos do sexo masculino e com idade média de 21 anos e 5 meses. A principal causa de HTGB foi acidente de trânsito (12). A pontuação média na escala de coma de Glasgow na admissão foi de 8. Todos foram submetidos a uma tomografia computadorizada do crânio. Putamen foi o mais afetado (5). Treze pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento conservador e três apresentaram o hematoma intracraniano associado. Nove pacientes morreram e sete, e quatro tiveram sequelas neurológicas.

Conclusões O conhecimento dos neurocirurgiões sobre HTGB, diagnóstico e manejo clínico cirúrgico é de extrema importância, pois está associado a um mau prognóstico.

Keywords

basal ganglia - craniocerebral trauma - neuroimaging - traumatic cerebral hemorrhage

Palavras-chave

gânglios da base - hemorragia traumática cerebral - neuroimagem - trauma craniocerebral


Publication History

Received: 05 September 2020

Accepted: 09 March 2021

Article published online:
14 March 2022

© 2022. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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