Cannabis und Cannabinoide in der Medizin: Fakten und Ausblick

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Das Interesse an der therapeutischen Nutzung von Cannabis und seinen Inhaltsstoffen hat in den vergangenen Jahren erheblich zugenommen.

Methode: Selektive Literaturrecherche mit den Suchbegriffen „cannabi* or marijuana or THC or endocannabinoid“.

Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse kontrollierter klinischer Studien führten in zahlreichen europäischen Ländern, aber auch Kanada, den USA und anderen Ländern zur Zulassung von Medikamenten auf Cannabisbasis. Verschrieben werden cannabisbasierte Medikamente derzeit am häufigsten bei Appetitlosigkeit, Übelkeit, Spastik bei Multipler Sklerose, neuropathischen Schmerzen und anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Alternativ können Patienten bei der Bundesopiumstelle des Bundesinstituts für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte eine Ausnahmeerlaubnis zum Erwerb von Medizinal-Cannabisblüten in der Apotheke im Rahmen einer ärztlich überwachten Selbsttherapie beantragen.

Schlussfolgerungen: Medikamente auf Cannabisbasis besitzen ein breites therapeutisches Potenzial bei vielen schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen.

Abstract

Background: The interest in the therapeutic use of cannabis and its constituents has considerably increased in recent years

Methods: Selective literature search with the keywords “cannabi* or marijuana or THC or endocannabinoid”.

Results: The results of controlled clinical studies were the basis for the approval of cannabis-based medicines in several European countries, but also Canada, the US and others. They are mainly prescribed, often off-label, for appetite loss, nausea, spasticity in multiple sclerosis and for other neurological diseases, neuropathic pain and psychiatric conditions. Patients may also apply for an exemption from the narcotics law to the Bundesopiumstelle of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices to use medicinal cannabis flowers from the pharmacy in the frame of a medically supervised self-medication.

Conclusions: Cannabis-based drugs possess a broad therapeutic potential in a number of severe medical conditions.

Schlüsselwörter

Cannabis - Cannabinoide - medizinische Verwendung - Therapie - Nebenwirkungen

Key words

cannabis - cannabinoids - therapeutic use - medicine - adverse effects

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