Changes in Plasma Lipid Levels and Antioxidant Activities in Rats after Supplementation of Obtusifolin

Si-Yi Zhuang; Miao-Li Wu; Peng-Jv Wei; Zhi-Ping Cao; Peng Xiao; Chu-Hua Li

doi:10.1055/s-0042-102458

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2016; 82(06): 539-543
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102458

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Original Papers

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Changes in Plasma Lipid Levels and Antioxidant Activities in Rats after Supplementation of Obtusifolin

Authors

Si-Yi Zhuang^*

¹School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Miao-Li Wu^*

²The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Peng-Jv Wei

¹School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Zhi-Ping Cao

¹School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Peng Xiao

¹School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Chu-Hua Li

¹School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China

Abstract

Obtusifolin, an anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia seeds, has been reported to reduce blood lipid levels in diabetic rats induced by streptozocin. However, it remains unclear whether obtusifolin possesses a lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet. Moreover, hyperlipidemia is known to impair the endothelial function by causing oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects of obtusifolin in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet. Rats with oral fat emulsion were used as our hyperlipidemic model. We measured the body weight of the rats, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase. Our results showed that oral obtusifolin application significantly reversed the changes induced by hyperlipidemia in body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, obtusifolin treatment increased serum superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide, but reduced malondialdehyde. Collectively, our findings suggest that obtusifolin may improve hyperlipidemia by enhancing antioxidant activity. This study indicates a potential therapeutic importance of obtusifolin for ameliorating lipid dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet.

Key words

Cassia obtusifolia - obtusifolin - hyperlipidemia - high-fat diet - antioxidation

Full Text

References

References
1 Chen Z, Peto R, Collins R, MacMahon S, Lu J, Li W. Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. BMJ 1991; 303: 276-282
2 Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, Whitney E, Shapiro DR, Beere PA, Langendorfer A, Stein EA, Kruyer W, Gotto jr. AM. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615-1622
3 Ohara Y, Peterson TE, Harrison DG. Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production. J Clin Invest 1993; 91: 2546-2551
4 Kumar S, Pandey AK. Antioxidant, lipo-protective and antibacterial activities of phytoconstituents present in Solanum xanthocarpum root. IREBIC 2012; 3: 42-47
5 Arora DS, Chandra P. Antioxidant activity of Aspergillus fumigates . ISRN Pharmacol 2011; 2011: 619395
6 Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids and isoflavones: absorption, metabolism, and bioactivity. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 36: 827-828
7 Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal R. Phytochemicals as cell cycle modulators–a less toxic approach in halting human cancers. Cell Cycle 2002; 1: 156-161
8 Wilkins R, Tucci M, Benghuzzi H. Role of plant-derived antioxidants on NF-kb expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages – biomed 2011. Biomed Sci Instrum 2011; 47: 222-227
9 Drever BD, Anderson WG, Riedel G, Kim DH, Ryu JH, Choi DY, Platt B. The seed extract of Cassia obtusifolia offers neuroprotection to mouse hippocampal cultures. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107: 380-392
10 Guo H, Chang Z, Yang R, Guo D, Zheng J. Anthraquinones from hairy root cultures of Cassia obtusifolia . Phytochemistry 1998; 49: 1623-1625
11 Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukharjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Pal M, Saha BP. Studies on antiinflammatory effect of Cassia tora leaf extract (fam. Leguminosae). Phytother Res 1998; 12: 221-223
12 Liu J, Deng ZY, Yu HH. Antioxidation study on water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Semen Cassia. Food Sci 2006; 27: 61-63
13 Xu JG, Hu QP. Study on free radical scavenging capacity by Cassia seed water extract in vitro . Food Sci 2006; 27: 73-76
14 He ZW, Wei W, Li SP, Ling Q, Liao KJ, Wang XX. Anti-allodynic effects of obtusifolin and gluco-obtusifolin against inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37: 1606-1616
15 Kim DH, Hyun SK, Yoon BH, Seo JH, Lee KT, Cheong JH, Jung SY, Jin C, Choi JS, Ryu JH. Gluco-obtusifolin and its aglycon, obtusifolin, attenuate scopolamine-induced memory impairment. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111: 110-116
16 Tang Y, Zhong Z. Obtusifolin treatment improves hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia: possible mechanism involving oxidative stress. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70: 1751-1757
17 Petro AE, Cotter J, Cooper DA, Peters JC, Surwit SJ, Surwit RS. Fat, carbohydrate, and calories in the development of diabetes and obesity in the C57BL/6 J mouse. Metabolism 2004; 53: 454-457
18 Mishra AK, Mishra A, Bhargava A, Pandey AK. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from the leaves of Cinnamomum spp. Natl Acad Sci Lett 2008; 31: 341-345
19 Chien SC, Wu YC, Chen ZW, Yang WC. Naturally occurring anthraquinones: chemistry and therapeutic potential in autoimmune diabetes. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 357357
20 Cho SH, Kim TH, Lee NH, Son HS, Cho IJ, Ha TY. Effects of Cassia tora fiber supplement on serum lipids in Korean diabetic patients. J Med Food 2005; 8: 311-318
21 Oron-Herman M, Kamari Y, Grossman E, Yeger G, Peleg E, Shabtay Z, Shamiss A, Sharabi Y. Metabolic syndrome: comparison of the two commonly used animal models. Am J Hypertens 2004; 21: 1018-1022
22 De Keyzer D, Karabina SA, Wei W, Geeraert B, Stengel D, Marsillach J, Camps J, Holvoet P, Ninio E. Increased PAFAH and oxidized lipids are associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29: 2041-2046
23 Rader DJ, Fitzgerald GA. State of the art: atherosclerosis in a limited edition. Nat Med 1998; 4: 899-900
24 Wattanapitayakul SK, Bauer JA. Oxidative pathways in cardiovascular disease: roles, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2001; 89: 187-206
25 Franco R, Schoneveld O, Georgakilas AG, Panayiotidis MI. Oxidative stress, DNA methylation and carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2008; 266: 6-11
26 Liu WQ, Zhang YZ, Wu Y, Zhang JJ, Li TB, Jiang T, Xiong XM, Luo XJ, Ma QL, Peng J. Myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid promotes ox-LDL-induced senescence of endothelial cells through a mechanism involving β-catenin signaling in hyperlipidemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467: 859-865
27 Kumar S, Sharma UK, Sharma AK, Pandey AK. Protective efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum root extracts against free radical damage: phytochemical analysis and antioxidant effect. Cell Mol Biol 2012; 58: 174-181
28 Liu P, Zhang M, Shoeb M, Hogan D, Tang L, Syed MF, Wang CZ, Campbell GA, Ansari NH. Metal chelator combined with permeability enhancer ameliorates oxidative stress-associated neurodegeneration in rat eyes with elevated intraocular pressure. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69: 289-299
29 Sripetchwandee J, Pipatpiboon N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Combined therapy of iron chelator and antioxidant completely restores brain dysfunction induced by iron toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9: e85115
30 Mishra A, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Saxena AK, Pandey AK. Bauhinia variegata leaf extracts exhibit considerable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 915436
31 Yen GC, Chung DY. Antioxidant effects of extracts from Cassia tora L. prepared under different degrees of roasting on the oxidative damage to biomolecules. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47: 1326-1332
32 Yetik-Anacak G, Catravas JD. Nitric oxide and the endothelium: history and impact on cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45: 268-276
33 Förstermann U. Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vascular disease. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459: 923-939
34 Zhao LY, Huang W, Yuan QX, Deng ZY, Hu JN. Hypolipidaemic effects and mechanisms of the main component of Opuntia dillenii Haw. polysaccharides in high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Food Chem 2012; 134: 964-971
35 Mora M, Bonilla E, Medina-Leendertz S, Bravo Y, Arcaya JL. Minocycline increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduces the concentration of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and mitochondrial malondialdehyde in manganese treated Drosophila melanogaster . Neurochem Res 2014; 39: 1270-1278
36 Huang JN, Wang CY, Wang XL, Wu BZ, Gu XY, Liu WX, Gong LW, Xiao P, Li CH. Tenuigenin treatment improves behavioral Y-maze learning by enhancing synaptic plasticity in mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 246: 111-115