Multimodale Schmerztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen

Zusammenfassung

Als chronische Schmerzsyndrome im Kindes- und Jugendalter werden kontinuierliche Schmerzen über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 3 Monaten bezeichnet. Mittlerweile ist schätzungsweise jedes vierte Kind in Deutschland betroffen. Jedes zwanzigste leidet extrem stark unter den immer wiederkehrenden Schmerzen. Neben Kopf- und Bauchschmerzen werden verstärkt muskuloskelettale Schmerzen beobachtet, welche in ihrer Lokalisation, Intensität, Qualität und Häufigkeit fluktuieren. Aufgrund der Schmerzen, Schonhaltungen und psychologischen Einflussfaktoren wie Ängste oder Traurigkeit kommt es zu einer zunehmenden Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität, da im Verlauf z. B. Schulbesuch, soziale Aktivitäten und Hobbys reduziert werden. Diese Übersicht stellt die Hintergründe dieser chronischen Erkrankung und eine multimodale, therapeutische Herangehensweise vor, wie sie am Zentrum für Schmerztherapie / Garmisch-Partenkirchen durchgeführt wird.

Abstract

Chronic pain syndromes in children and adolescents are defined as constant pain over a period of 3 months or more. They are currently estimated to affect every fourth child in Germany, with every twentieth suffering extremely from the recurring pain. Besides headache and abdominal pain, musculoskeletal pain is increasingly reported, fluctuating in localisation, intensity, quality and frequency. Due to pain, antalgic postures and psychological factors such as fear and sadness, patients’ quality of life declines as school attendance, social activities and hobbies are reduced over time. This review summarises the background of this chronic illness and introduces a multimodal therapeutic approach, which is implemented at the Centre of Pain Therapy in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Schlüsselwörter

Chronische Schmerzstörung - Kinder und Jugendliche - Multimodale Schmerztherapie - Muskuloskelettale Schmerzen - Schmerzmanagement

Key words

children and adolescents - multimodal treatment - pain management - chronic pain syndrome - musculoskeletal pain

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