Die familienzentrierte Trauertherapie – ein geeignetes Modell für die Palliativversorgung von Krebspatienten und ihren Familien?

Zusammenfassung

Das Erleben von Verlusten ist eine universelle menschliche Erfahrung. Im Kontext von Krebserkrankungen und dort insbesondere im Bereich der palliativen Versorgung onkologischer Patienten spielen antizipierte wie reale Verluste und der Umgang damit eine bedeutsame Rolle. Etwa 20–30% der Krebspatienten in einer palliativen Behandlungssituation und ein ähnlich hoher Prozentsatz ihrer Angehörigen weisen eine behandlungsbedürftige psychische Komorbidität, vor allem Anpassungsstörungen, Angststörungen und Depressionen, auf. Nach dem Versterben des Angehörigen leiden ca. 15% der Hinterbliebenen unter komplizierter Trauer. Die familienzentrierte Trauertherapie (Family Focused Grief Therapy, FFGT) hat das Potenzial im Rahmen der frühen palliativen Versorgung psychosoziale Belastungen inkl. psychischer Komorbiditäten bei Patienten und Angehörigen zu verringern. Gleichzeitig kann die Auftretenshäufigkeit komplizierter Trauer bei den Hinterbliebenen nach dem Tod des Patienten verringert werden. Damit kann die FFGT einen substantiellen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Versorgung palliativer Krebspatienten und über deren Tod hinaus zur psychosozialen Versorgung der Hinterbliebenen leisten.

Abstract

Loss is a universal human experience. Within the context of cancer and especially in the palliative care of oncological patients, anticipated and real losses and their management play a crucial role. A high proportion of patients and family members develop a treatment requiring psychiatric comorbidity (for both groups between 20 and 30%, mainly adjustment and anxiety disorders and depression). Approximately 15% of the bereaved persons suffer from complicated grief after the death of their relative. Within the early palliative care, the implementation of the Family Focused Grief Therapy (FFGT) has the potential to reduce psychological distress incl. mental comorbidities in patients and their relatives. Simultaneously, the incidence of the prolonged grief disorder in bereaved persons could be diminished (after the death of their relative). Thus, the FFGT can make a substantial contribution in order to improve the palliative care of cancer patients and their bereaved persons.

Schlüsselwörter

Familienfokussierte Trauertherapie - Palliativversorgung - Krebs

Key words

family focused grief therapy - palliative care - cancer

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